Aeneid 1:55-64
Course Notes
Illi indignantes magno cum murmure montis 55
circum claustra fremunt; celsa sedet Aeolus arce
sceptra tenens, mollitque animos et temperat iras.
SUGGESTED WORD ORDER
(A) Illi [venti],
indignantes, fremunt circum claustra cum magno murmure montis; Aeolis sedet
[in] celsa arce tenens sceptra [et] mollit animos et temperat iras;
CALDWELL
They [the winds]
angrily chafe at their bars, filling the mountain with their noise, but Aeolus
sits holding a scepter in his high citadel, softening and controlling their
tempers;
Illi
indignantes magno cum murmure
montis 55
circum claustra fremunt; celsa sedet Aeolus arce
sceptra tenens, mollitque animos et temperat iras.
circum claustra fremunt; celsa sedet Aeolus arce
sceptra tenens, mollitque animos et temperat iras.
magno
murmure ablative of manner
celsa
arce ablative of place where
sceptra poetic plural; translate singular
“Ille”
(here denoting “the winds”) is nominative plural masculine of the demonstrative
pronoun ille, illa, illud. “indignantes” is
present participle (in agreement with “Ille”) of the intransitive
deponent indignor, indignati, indignatus sum, “to think
unworthy; to be wrathful.” The adjective “magno” (qualifying “murmure”)
is ablative singular neuter of magnus, magna, magnum.
“murmure” is ablative singular of murmur, murmuris, n. (3rd),
“murmur.” The preposition “cum” controls “magno murmure”; ablative of
manner. “montis” is genitive singular of mons, montis, m.
(3rd), “mountain.”
The
preposition “circum” takes the accusative, here “claustra. “Claustra” is
accusative plural of claustrum, claustri, n. (2nd),
“bar.” “fremo” is third person plural present indicative active of fremo,
fremere, fremui, fremitum (3rd), “to roar,
shout.” The adjective “celsa,” qualifying “arce,” is ablative singular
feminine ofcelsus, celsa, celsum, “lofty.”
“sedet” is third person singular present indicative active of sedeo,
sedere, sedi, sessum (2nd), “to sit.” “Aeolus” is
nominative singular of Aeolus, Aeoli, m., “king of the
winds.” “arce” is ablative singular of arx, arcis, f. (3rd),
“place of defense, citadel.”
“sceptra”
is accusative plural of sceptrum, sceptri, n. (2nd),
“staff, scepter.” The plural has intensive effect. “tenens” is
present participle of teneo, tenere, tenui, tentum (2nd),
“to hold.” “mollit” is third person singular present indicative active
of mollio, mollere, mollivi, mollitum (4th),
“to soften.” “animos” is accusative plural of animus, animi,
m. (2nd), “spirits, wrath.” The conjunction “et” joins “mollit”
and “temperat.” “temperat” is third person singular present indicative
active of tempero, temperare, temperavi, temperatum (1st) “to
check, to restrain; to refrain.” “iras” is accusative plural of ira,
irae, f. (1st), “anger.”
Ni faciat, maria ac terras caelumque profundum
quippe ferant rapidi secum verrantque per auras.
Sed pater omnipotens speluncis abdidit atris, 60
hoc metuens, molemque et montes insuper altos
imposuit, regemque dedit, qui foedere certo
et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas.
Ad quem tum Iuno supplex his vocibus usa est:
quippe ferant rapidi secum verrantque per auras.
Sed pater omnipotens speluncis abdidit atris, 60
hoc metuens, molemque et montes insuper altos
imposuit, regemque dedit, qui foedere certo
et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas.
Ad quem tum Iuno supplex his vocibus usa est:
SUGGESTED WORD ORDER
(B) ni faciat [hoc],
quippe rapidi [venti] ferant maria ac terras [et] profundum caelum cum se [et]
verrant [haec] per auras. (C) Sed omnipotens pater metuens hoc
abdidit [ventos in] atris speluncis [et] imposuit molem et altos monis insuper,
[et] dedit regem [ventis] qui, iussus certo foedere, sciret et premere habenas
et dare [eas] laxas. (D) Ad quem tum supplex Iuno usa est
his vocibus:
CALDWELL
(A) If he didn’t, they would quickly carry off the lands and
seas and heaven and sweep everything away.
(B) Fearing this, the
almighty father hid them in dark caves with huge mountains on top, and gave
them a king who knew how to restrain them by strict law and how to give them
free rein when ordered. (C) Juno now made her request to
him:
faciat present subjunctive as protasis in
a present contrary-to-fact condition,
often used for all “unreal conditions” in poetry instead of the
imperfect
ferrant…verrant present subjunctives
as apodosis in present contrary to fact condition; poetic substitution for the
imperfect
atris speluncis ablative of place where
certo foedere ablative of cause or manner
sciret subjunctive in RCC or purpose
clause
Ni
faciat, maria ac terras caelumque profundum
quippe ferant rapidi secum verrantque per auras.
quippe ferant rapidi secum verrantque per auras.
“Ni”=archaic
form of “si non,” governing “faciat.” “faciat” is third person singular
present subjunctive active of facio, facere, feci, factum.
“Ni faciat”=”if he did not,” i.e., if Aeolus did not control the winds.
“maria” is accusative plural of mare, maris, n.
(3rd), “the sea.” The conjunction “ac”=”and.”
“terras” is accusative plural of terra, terrae, f. (1st),
“land.” “caelum” is accusative singular of caelum, caeli,
n. (2nd), “heaven.” The adjective “profundum” is
accusative singular neuter of profundus, profunda, profundum,
“deep, high.”
“quippe”=”indeed,
for surely.” On its positioning remote from “ni faciat,” see Ganiban note 59.
“ferant” is third person plural present subjunctive active of fero,
ferre, tuli, latum. The adjective “rapidi” is masculine
nominative plural of rapidus, rapida, rapidum, “hurrying,
rapid.” “secum”=the ablative reflexive pronoun “se” + “cum”=with; the
ungoverned winds would “with themselves, by themselves” wreak havoc.
“verrant” is third person plural present subjunctive active of verro,
verrere, verri, versum (3rd), “sweep, sweep
away.” The preposition “per” takes the accusative and governs
“auras.” “auras” is accusative plural of aura, aurae,
f. (1st), “air, breeze, breath.”
Sed
pater omnipotens speluncis abdidit
atris, 60
hoc metuens, molemque et montis insuper altos
imposuit,…
hoc metuens, molemque et montis insuper altos
imposuit,…
The
conjunction “Sed”=”But…” “pater” is nominative singular of pater,
patris, m. (3rd).Adjective “omnipotens,” agreeing with
“pater,”=”almighty.” “speluncis” is ablative plural ofspelunca,
speluncae, f. (1st), “cavern.” “abdidit” is third
person singular perfect indicative active of abdo, abdere, abdidi,
abditum (3rd), “to put away; to hide.” The
adjective “atris,” qualifying “speluncis,” is ablative plural of ater,
atra, atrum, “black, gloomy.”
“hoc”
is accusative singular neuter of the demonstrative pronoun hic,
haec, hoc. “metuens” is present participle of metuo,
metuere, metui, metutum, “to fear.” “molem” is accusative
singular ofmoles, molis, f. (3rd), “mass;
difficulty.” “-que” lin,ks “molem” and “montis.” “montis” (some editions read
“montes,” the alternate form) is accusative plural of mons, montis,
m. (3rd), “mountain.” The adverb “insuper”=”on the top; on
top of” and modifies “imposuit.” The adjective “altos” is accusative
plural masculine of altus, alta, altum, “high,”; modifies
“montis.”
“imposuit”
is third person singular perfect indicative active of impono,
imponere, imposui, impositum (3rd), “to place
on, place over.”
regemque
dedit, qui foedere certo
et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas.
et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas.
“regem” is
accusative singular of rex, regis, m. (3rd).
“dedit” is third person singular perfect indicative active of do,
dare, dedi, datum (1st). “qui” is
nominative singular masculine of the relative pronoun qui, quae,
quod. “foedere” is ablative singular or foedis,
foederis, n. (3rd), “bond of faith, treaty.” The adjective
“certo” is ablative singular neuter of certus, certa, certum,
“certain, fixed, sure.” Modifies “foedere.”
“et…et”=”both…and.”
“premere” is present infinitive active of premo, premere, pressi,
pressum(3rd), “press down, overwhelm.” The adjective
“laxas” is accusative plural feminine of laxus, laxa, laxum,
“loose, relaxed.” “sciret” is third person singular imperfect subjunctive
active of scio, scire, scivi, scitum, “to know.”
“dare” is present infinitive of do, dare, dedi, datum.
“iussus” is perfect passive participle of iubeo, iubere, iussi,
iussum, “to command.” “habenas” is accusative plural of habena,
habenae, f. (1st), “the rein.”
Ad
quem tum Iuno supplex his vocibus usa est:
“Ad quem”=”To
whom”[i.e., Juno addresses her following speech to Aeolus]; “Ad”:
preposition + accusative. “quem”: accusative singular masculine of the
relative pronoun qui, quae, quod. The temporal adverb
“tum”= “then, at that time.” “Iuno”: nominative subject of “usa
est.” “usa est” is third perfect singular perfect indicative of the
deponent utor, usi, usus sum, “use.” “utor” governs the
ablative, here “vocibus.” “vocibus” is ablative plural of vox, vocis,
f. (3rd), “voice, tone of voice, word.” “supplex”is
nominative singular feminine of the adjective supplex, supplicis,
f. (3rd), “bending the knee, suppliant.” “his” is ablative
plural feminine of the demonstrative adjective hic, haec, hoc.
Virgil Aeneid 1 55-64 Scansion
īlli īn|dīgnān|tēs || māg|nō cūm| mūrmŭrĕ| mōntĭs55
cīrcūm| claūstră frĕm|ūnt; || cēl|sā sĕdĕt| Aēŏlŭs| ārcĕ
scēptră tĕn|ēns mōl|lītque || ănĭm|ōs ēt| tēmpĕrăt| īrās.
nī făcĭ|āt, mărĭ|a āc || tēr|rās caēl|ūmquĕ prŏf|ūndŭm
quīppĕ fĕr|ānt răpĭd|ī || sēc|ūm vēr|rāntquĕ pĕr| aūrās;
sēd pătĕr| ōmnĭpŏt|ēns || spēl|ūncīs| ābdĭdĭt| ātrīs60
hōc mĕtŭ|ēns mōl|ēmque || ēt| mōntēs| īnsŭpĕr| āltōs
īmpŏsŭ|īt, rēg|ēmquĕ || dĕd|īt quī| foēdĕrĕ| cērtō
ēt prĕmĕr|e ēt lāx|ās || scīr|ēt dărĕ| iūssŭs hăb|ēnās.
ād quēm| tūm Iūn|ō || sūp|plēx hīs| vōcĭbŭs| ūsa ēst:
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