2018 ICA Latin 4 Virgil Aeneid 1.23-33 Course Notes

Aeneid 1:23-33

Course Notes

Id metuens, veterisque memor Saturnia belli,
prima quod ad Troiam pro caris gesserat Argis—
necdum etiam causae irarum saevique dolores               25
exciderant animo: manet alta mente repostum
iudicium Paridis spretaeque iniuria formae,
et genus invisum, et rapti Ganymedis honores.

His accensa super, iactatos aequore toto
Troas, reliquias Danaum atque immitis Achilli,               30
arcebat longe Latio, multosque per annos
errabant, acti fatis, maria omnia circum.
Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem!

SUGGESTED WORD ORDER

(A) Saturnia metuens id {et] memor veteris belli, quod [ipsa] prima gesserat ad Troiam pro caris Argis, [et] etiam [quod] causae irarum [et] saevi dolores necdum exciderant [ex] animo:  (B) iudicum Paridis manet repos[i]tum [in] alta mente, [et] iniuria spretae formae, et invisum genus et honores rapti Ganymedis; (C) super [Iuno] accensa his arcebat Troas, reliquias Dana[or]um atque inmitis Achilli, iactatos [in] toto aequore longe [e] Latio, [et] erabant per multos annos acti [a] Fatis circum omnia maria.  (D) Erat tantae molis condere Romanam gentem.

CALDWELL

(A) Juno feared this, and she also remembered the former war she had fought against Troy in her mind:  (B) the judgment of Paris, that insult to her scorned beauty, the race she hated, and the honors given to ravished Ganymede.  (C) Inflamed by these, she buffeted the Trojans over the whole sea, the remnant left by the Greeks and saaveage Achilles, and kept them far from Latium.  And so they wandered for many years over the ocean, driven on by the Fates.  (D) How great a task it was to found the Roman nation!

Id metuens, veterisque memor Saturnia belli,
prima quod ad Troiam pro caris gesserat Argis—

“metuens” is present participle of metuo, metuere, metui, metitum (3^rd), “to fear, to be afraid.”  “gesserat” is third person singular pluperfect indicative active of gero, gerere, gessi, gestum (3^rd), “to wage, carry on.” 

“veteris…belli”: “the old war”; i.e. the Trojan war.  The adjective “memor” is nominative singular of memor, memoris here=”mindful of.” “Saturnia”:  Juno is the daughter of Saturn; feminine nominative singular of Saturnius, Saturnia, Saturnium.  “belli” is genitive singular of bellum, belli, n. “prima”: feminine nominative singular of the superlative adjective primus, prima, primum.  See Ganiban note 24.  “quod”:  neuter accusative singular of the relative pronoun quis, quae, quod.. “ad Troiam”:  “at Troy.”  Argis, ablative masculine plural of Argi, Argorum, n. (2^nd),  here stands for “the Greeks” generally. “caris”:  ablative masculine plural of the adjective carus, cara, carum, “beloved.”

necdum etiam causae irarum saevique dolores               25
exciderant animo:

Her rage and grief for ancient grievances

Still festered in her soul even today:

“exciderant” is third person plural pluperfect indicative active of excido, excidere, excidi, “to slip out or escape from memory.” 

“necdum”=conjunction, “not yet, yot even yet.” etiam=conjunction, “also, and.”  “causae” is genitive plural of causa, causae, f., “cause.”  “irarum”:  genitive plural of ira, irae, f. (1^st).  The adjective “saevi” is masculine genitive singular of saevus, saeva, saevum, “furious, fierce, violent, savage.”  “dolores” is accusative plural of dolor, doloris, m. (3^rd). “animo” is ablative singular of animus, animi, m. (2^nd). 

His accensa super, iactatos aequore toto
Troas

Still burning with resentment, Juno kept the Trojans on the storm-tossed sea

“accensa” is nominative feminine singular perfect passive participle of accendo, accendere, accensi, accendi, accensum, “to inflame, arouse.” 

“iactatos” is accusative masculine plural of the perfect passive participle of iacto, iactare, iactavi, iactatum, “to toss, throw; to disturb, disquiet.”

“his”: ablative plural of “hic.” The adverb “super”=  “in addition, besides.”  “aequore”: ablative singular of aequor, aequoris, n. (3^rd), “the sea.”  The adjective “toto” is ablative  masculine singular of totus, tota, totum (1^st/2^nd).  “Troas” is accusative plural of Tros, Trois, Troy’s founder, Tros, here=Trojans.

reliquias Danaum atque immitis Achilli,               30
arcebat longe Latio, multosque per annos
errabant, acti fatis, maria omnia circum.

Achilles’ rage and genocidal Greeks they had survived; 
but, far from their new home, and lost at sea,  

sentenced by fate to ride the rolling waves, 
they marked the passing years, while time stood still;  

 “arcebat” is third person singular imperfect indicative active of arceo, arcere, arui, arcitumi, “to shut up, enclose, trap.”  “errabant” is third person singular imperfect indicative active of erro, errare, erravi, erratum, “to wander.” 

“reliquias” is accusative plural of reliquiae, reliquiarum, f., “that which is left, remnant.”  “Danaum” the alternative genitive form of Danai, Danaorum, “the Greeks.”  The adjective immitis, immitis, immite= “bitter, harsh, fierce,” i.e. the “rage of Achilles.”  “Achilli” is the alternative genitive form of Achilles, Achillis, m.  The adverb longe=”far, afar.”  “Latio” is ablative of Latium, Latii, n.  “multos” is accusative masculine plural of multus, multa, multum (1^st/2^nd).  The preposition “per”=”through, throughout.”  “annos” is accusative plural of annus, anni, m. (2^nd).  “fatis” is ablative plural of fatum, fati, n. (2^nd), “destiny, fate.”  “acti” is perfect passive participle of ago, agere, egi, actum (3^rd).  “maria” is accusative plural of mare, maris, n. (3^rd). “omnia” is accusative plural of omnis, omne, m.f. (3^rd).  The preposition “circum” takes the accusative and controls “maria omnia.”  

Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem!

Such hardships bore the men who founded Rome;

“condere” is present infinitive of condo, condere, condidi, conditum, “to build, establish; to thrust or strike in deep, plunge” (cf. Ganiban note 33 and Aeneas’ slaying of Turnus at 12:950).  “erat” is third person singular imperfect indicative active of sum, esse, fui, futurus.   

“tantae molis”:  genitive of description.  “molis” is genitive singular of moles, molis, f.(3^rd), “rock, boulder.”  The adjective “Romanam” is accusative feminine singular of Romanus, Romana, Romanum.   “gentem” is accusative singular of gens, gentis, f.(3^rd).