Aeneid 1. 87-101
Course Notes
Insequitur clamorque
virum stridorque rudentum;
eripiunt subito
nubes caelumque diemque
Teucrorum ex oculis;
ponto nox incubat atra;
intinuere poli et
crebis micat ignibus aether 90
praesentemque viris
intentant omnia mortem
Extemplo Aeneae
solvuntur frigore membra:
ingemit, et duplicis tendens ad sidera palmas
talia voce refert: 'O terque quaterque beati,
quis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis 95
contigit oppetere! O Danaum fortissime gentis
Tydide! Mene Iliacis occumbere campis
non potuisse, tuaque animam hanc effundere dextra,
saevus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector, ubi ingens
Sarpedon, ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis 100
scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit?'
ingemit, et duplicis tendens ad sidera palmas
talia voce refert: 'O terque quaterque beati,
quis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis 95
contigit oppetere! O Danaum fortissime gentis
Tydide! Mene Iliacis occumbere campis
non potuisse, tuaque animam hanc effundere dextra,
saevus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector, ubi ingens
Sarpedon, ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis 100
scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit?'
SUGGESTED WORD ORDER
(A) Insequitur [et] clamor
vir[or]um [et] stridor rudentum. Subito
nubes eripiunt [et] caelum [et] diem ex oculis Teucrorum; atra nox incubat
ponto.
(B) Poli intonuere
[intonuerunt] et aether micat crebis ignibus [et] omnia intentant praesentem
mortem viris.
(C) Extemplo membra Aeneae
solvuntur frigore; ingemit et tendens duplicis palmas ad sidera refert talia
voce:
(D) O [vos] ter [et] quarter beati
[viri], quis [=quibus] contigit oppetere [mortem] ante ora partum sub altis
moenibus Troiae! O Tydide, fortissimo gentis Dana[or]um!
(E) Me-ne non potuisse occumbere [in] Iliacis campis
[et] effundere hanc animam tua dextra, ubi saevus Hector iacet telo Aeacidae,
ubi ingens Sarpedon [iacet], ubi Simois volvit tot correpta scuta [et] galeas
vir[or] et fortia corpora sub undis!
CALDWELL
(A) Men shouted and the rigging
screeched, and the clouds snatched light and day from the eyes of the
Trojans. Black night lay upon the sea.
(B) The heavens thundered,
lightning flashed from the sky, and everything threatened the men with instant
death.
(C) Aeneas groaned, weak with
fear, and held both hands to the stars:
(D) O three and four times
fortunate, who died before your fathers’ faces at the walls of Troy! O Diomedes, bravest of the Greeks!
(E) Why couldn’t I have died on
the plain of Ilium by your hand, where grim Hctor died by the spear of
Achilles, and great Sarpedon, and where the Simois rolls under its waves so
many shields and helmets and bodies of brave heroes!”
Insequitur clamorque
virum stridorque rudentum.
Eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque
Teucrorum ex oculis;…
Eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque
Teucrorum ex oculis;…
Insequitur impersonal, “then ensues, arises…”
“Insequitur” is
third person singular present indicative of the deponent insequor,
insequi, insecutus sum, “to follow.” “clamor” is nominative
singular of clamor, clamoris, m. (3rd),
“shout.” “virum” is the contracted form of the genitive plural of vir,
viri, m. (2nd). “stridor” is nominative singular
of stridor, stridoris, m (3rd), “creaking,
rattling.” “-que…-que” joins “clamor” and “stridor.” “rudentum” is
genitive plural of rudens, rudentis, m. (3rd),
“cable.”
“Eripiunt” is third
person plural present indicative active of eripio, eripere, eripui,
ereptum (3rd), “to snatch away.” The adverb
“subito” = “suddenly.” “nubes” is nominative plural of nubes,
nubis, f. (3rd), “cloud.” “caelum” is accusative
singular of caelum, caeli, m. (2nd),
“heaven.” “diem” is accusative singular of dies, diei, m.
(sometimes feminine in singular), “day.”
“Teucrorum” is
genitive plural of Teucri, Teucrorum, m. (2nd),
“the Trojans.” “ex oculis”= “from the eyes [of the Trojans]”;
“ex”+ablative= “from”; “oculis” is ablative plural of oculus,
oculi, m. (2nd), “eye.”
ponto nox incubat
atra.
Intonuere poli, et crebris micat ignibus aether, 90
praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.
Intonuere poli, et crebris micat ignibus aether, 90
praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.
crebis ignibus ablative of manner or means
viris
dative of reference, “for the men [i.e., ‘the Trojans’]”
“ponto” is dative singular of pontus,
ponti, m. (2nd), “sea.” “nox” is nominative singular
of nox, noctis, f. (3rd). “incubat” is
third person singular present indicative active of incubo, incubare,
incubavi, incubatum. The adjective “atra” is nominative singular
feminine of ater, atra, atrum, “black, gloomy.”
“Intonuere” is third person plural
perfect indicative active of intono, intonare, intonnui (1st),
“to thunder.” “poli” is nominative plural of polus, poli, m. (3rd),
“the pole, heaven.” “et”: copulative, joining “intonuere” and “micat.”
The adjective “crebris” is ablative plural masculine of creber,
crebra, crebrum, “frequent.” “micat” is third person singular
present indicative active of mico, micare, micui (1st),
“to move quickly back and forth; to glitter.” “ignibus” is ablative
plural of ignis, ignis, m. (3rd), “fire;
lightning.” “aether” is nominative singular of aether,
aetheris, m. (3rd), “the bright upper air, ether.”
The adjective “praesentem” is
accusative singular feminine of praesens, praesentis, f. (3rd),
“present, immediate.” “viris” is dative plural of vir, viri, m.
(2nd). “intentant” is third person plural present
indicative active of intento, intentare, intentavi, intentatum (1st),
“to threaten, direct against.” The adjective “omnia” is nominative
plural of omnis, omne, “all.” “mortem” is
accusative singular of mors, mortis, f. (3rd),
“death.”
Extemplo Aeneae
solvuntur frigore membra:
ingemit, et duplicis tendens ad sidera palmas
talia voce refert: 'O terque quaterque beati,
quis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis 95
contigit oppetere! O Danaum fortissime gentis
Tydide! Mene Iliacis occumbere campis
non potuisse, tuaque animam hanc effundere dextra,
saevus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector, ubi ingens
Sarpedon, ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis 100
scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit?'
ingemit, et duplicis tendens ad sidera palmas
talia voce refert: 'O terque quaterque beati,
quis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis 95
contigit oppetere! O Danaum fortissime gentis
Tydide! Mene Iliacis occumbere campis
non potuisse, tuaque animam hanc effundere dextra,
saevus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector, ubi ingens
Sarpedon, ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis 100
scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit?'
Extemplo Aeneae
solvuntur frigore membra:
frigore ablative of cause
“Extemplo”:
indeclinable adverb of time, “immediately, forthwith.” “Aeneae” is genitive
singular of Aeneas, Aeneae, m. (1st).
“solvuntur” is third person plural present indicative active of solvo,
solvere, solvi, solutum, (3rd), “to unloose, relax, dispel.”
“frigore” is ablative singular of frigus, frigoris, n. (3rd),
“cold.” “membra” is nominative plural of membrum, membri, n. (2nd),
“limb.”
ingemit, et duplicis
tendens ad sidera palmas
talia voce refert:…
talia voce refert:…
voce
ablative of means
“ingemit” is third
person singular present indicative active of ingemo, ingemere,
ingemui, “to groan.” “et”: copulative, joining “ingemit”
and “refert.” The adjective “duplicis” is accusative plural feminine
of duplex, duplicis, f. (3rd), “two-fold,
double.” “tendens” is present participle of tendo, tendere,
tetendi, tensum (3rd), “to stretch, strive.”
“ad”=preposition + accusative, here “sidera.” “sidera” is accusative
plural of sidus, sideris, n. (3rd), “star,
constellation.” “palmas” is accusative plural of palma, palmae,
f. (1st), “palm (of the hand).”
The adjective
“talia” is accusative plural of talis, tale, “of such
kind, such.” “voce” is ablative singular of vox, vocis, f.
(3rd). “refert” is third person singular present
indicative active of refero, referre, retuli, relatum, “to
carry or take back; relate.”
'O terque quaterque
beati,
quis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis 95
contigit oppetere!
quis Virgil often uses the archaic monosyllabicform quis for the dative and ablative plural quibus
quis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis 95
contigit oppetere!
quis Virgil often uses the archaic monosyllabicform quis for the dative and ablative plural quibus
“O”=interjection. “terque
quaterque”=”three times, no—four times!” Numeral adverbs joined by
“que.” The adjective “beati” is vocative plural masculine of beatus,
beata, beatum, “happy.”
“quis” is dative plural of the
relative pronoun quis, quae, quod. “ante”: preposition
+accusative, here “ora.” “ora” is accusative plural of os,
ora, n. (3rd), “face; mouth.” “patrum” is
genitive plural of pater, patris, m. (3rd),
“father.” “Troiae” is genitive singular of Troia, Troiae,
f. (1st). “sub”=preposition + ablative, here
“moenibus.” “moenibus” is ablative plural of moenia, moenium,
n. (3rd) (no singular), “walls, a fortress.” The adjective
“altis” is ablative plural neuter of altus, alta, altum.
“contigit” is third person singular
perfect indicative active of contingo, contingere, contigi,
contactum, (3rd), “touch.” “oppetere” is
present infinitive of oppeto, oppetere, oppetivi, oppetitum (3rd),
“to go to seek.”
O Danaum fortissime
gentis
Tydide!..
Tydide!..
“O”=exclamation.
“Danaum” is the contracted form of the genitive plural of Danai,
Danaorum, m. (2nd), “the Greeks.” The superlative
adjective “fortissime” is vocative singular masculine of fortissimus,
fortissima, fortissimum (3rd), “strongest,
bravest.” “gentis” is genitive singular of gens, gentis, f.
(3rd), “race, people, family.”
“Tydide” is
vocative singular of Tydides, Tydidae, m. (1st),
“son of Tydides”=Diomedes, a
leading Greek
commander during the Trojan War.
…Mene
Iliacis occumbere campis
non potuisse tuaque animam hanc effundere dextra,
non potuisse tuaque animam hanc effundere dextra,
“mene”=”me”+”ne.”
“me” is accusative singular of ego, mei (irregular). “ne”
is a negative interrogative particle. The adjective “Iliacis” is ablative
plural masculine of Iliacus, Iliaca, Iliacum, “of
or belonging to Troy.” “occumbere” is present infinitive of occumbo,
occumbere, occubui, occubitum (3rd), “to fall, to
fall in battle.” “campis” is ablative plural of campus, campi,
m. (2nd), “field (of battle); plain.”
The negative adverb
“non” = “not.” “potuisse” is perfect infinitive of possum, posse,
potui.
“tua” is ablative
singular feminine of the possessive pronominal second person adjective tuus,
tua, tuum,“your.” Postpositive “-que” joins “tua” and
“dextra.” “animam” is accusative singular of anima, animae,
f. (1st), “breath, life.” The near demonstrative adjective
“hanc” is accusative singular feminine of hic, haec, hoc.
Thus “animam hanc”= “this soul”= “my soul.” “effundere” is
present infinitive of effundo, effundere, effudi, effusum,
“to pour forth.” “dextra (or dextera) ” is ablative singular of dext[e]ra,
dext[e]rae, f. (1st), “right hand.” Agrees with
“tua.”
saevus ubi Aeacidae
telo iacet Hector, ubi ingens
Sarpedon, ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis 100
scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit?'
Sarpedon, ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis 100
scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit?'
The adjective
“saevus,” modifying “Hector,” is nominative singular masculine of saevus,
saeva, m. (1st/2nd), “cruel, savage.” The
adverb “ubi”= “where, when.” “Aeacidae” is genitive singular of Aeacides,
Aeacidae, m. (1st), = “Achilles (grandson of
Aeacides).” “telo” is ablative singular of telum, teli, m.
(2nd), “javelin.” “iacet” is third person singular present
indicative active of iaceo, iacere, iacui, iacitum,
“to lie down, to lie killed in battle.” “Hector” is nominative
singular of Hector, Hectoris, m., “Hector,” the bravest
Trojan leader and son of Priam, the King of Troy. “ubi”: the
repetition “ubi…ubi…ubi…”=anaphora. The adjective “ingens” is nominative
singular of ingens, ingentis (3rd),
“huge.”
“Sarpedon” is
nominative singular of Sarpedon, Sarpedonis, m. (3rd),
“Sarpedon,” leader of the Lycian contingent fighting on the Trojan side.
The indeclinable adjective “tot” = “so many”; modifies “scuta” in the next
line. “Simois” is nominative singular of Simois, Simoientis,
m. (3rd). The Simois was a river that flowed near
Troy. “correpta” is perfect passive participle of corripio,
corripere, corripui, correptum (3rd), “to seize, to
snatch up.” “sub”= preposition + ablative, here “undis.” “undis” is
ablative plural of unda, undae, f (1st),
“wave.”
“scuta” is
accusative plural of scutum, scuti, n. (2nd),
“shield.” “virum” is the contracted form of the genitive plural
of vir, viri, m. (2nd). “galeas” is
accusative plural of galea, galeae, f. (1st),
“helmet.” “-que” links “scuta” and “galeas.” The
copulative “et” links “galeas” and “corpora.” The adjective “fortia”
is accusative plural neuter of fortis, forte, n. (3rd),
“brave.” “corpora” is accusative plural of corpus,
corporis, n. (3rd), “body.” “volvit” is third
person singular present indicative active of volvo, volvere, volvi,
volutum (3rd), “to roll; to ponder.”
Virgil Aeneid 1.87-101 Scansion
īnsĕquĭt|ūr clām|ōrquĕ || vĭr|ūm strīd|ōrquĕ rŭd|ēntŭm;
ērĭpĭ|ūnt sŭbĭt|ō || nūb|ēs caēl|ūmquĕ dĭ|ēmquĕ
Teūcrōr|um ēx ŏcŭl|īs; || pōn|tō nōx| īncŭbăt| ātră;
īntŏnŭ|ērĕ pŏl|i ēt || crēb|rīs mĭcăt| īgnĭbŭs| aēthēr 90
praēsēn|tēmquĕ vĭr|īs || īn|tēntān|t ōmnĭă| mōrtĕm.
ēxtēm|plo Aēnē|aē || sōl|vūntūr| frīgŏrĕ| mēmbră;
īngĕmĭt| ēt dŭplĭc|ēs || tēn|dēns ād| sīdĕră| pālmās
tālĭă| vōcĕ rĕf|ērt: || “ō| tērquĕ quăt|ērquĕ bĕ|ātī,
quīs ān|te ōră păt|rūm || Trō|iaē sūb| moēnĭbŭs| āltīs 95
cōntĭgĭt| ōppĕtĕr|e! ō || Dănă|ūm fōr|tīssĭmĕ| gēntĭs
TŶdīd|ē! mēn|e Īlĭăc|īs || ōc|cūmbĕrĕ| cāmpīs
nōn pŏtŭ|īssĕ tŭ|āque || ănĭm|am hānc ēf|fūndĕrĕ| dēxtrā,
saēvŭs ŭb|i Aēăcĭd|aē || tēl|ō iăcĕt| Hēctŏr, ŭb|i īngēns
Sārpēd|ōn, ŭbĭ| tōt || Sĭmŏ|īs cōr|rēptă sŭb| ūndīs 100
scūtă vĭr|ūm gălĕ|āsque || ēt| fōrtĭă| cōrpŏră| vōlvĭt!”
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