Aeneid 1:76-91
Course
Notes
Aeolus haec contra: “Tuus,
o regina, quid optes
explorare labor;
mihi iussa capessere fas est.
Tu mihi quodcumque
hoc regni, tu sceptra Iovemque
concilias, tu das
epulis accumbere divum
nimborumque facis
tempestatumque potentem.” 80
Haec ubi dicta,
cavum conversa cuspide montem
impulit in latus: ac venti, velut agmine facto,
qua data porta, ruunt et terras turbine perflant.
Incubuere mari, totumque a sedibus imis
una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis 85
Africus, et vastos volvunt ad litora fluctus.
Insequitur clamorque virum stridorque rudentum.
Eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque
Teucrorum ex oculis; ponto nox incubat atra.
Intonuere poli, et crebris micat ignibus aether, 90
praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.
impulit in latus: ac venti, velut agmine facto,
qua data porta, ruunt et terras turbine perflant.
Incubuere mari, totumque a sedibus imis
una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis 85
Africus, et vastos volvunt ad litora fluctus.
Insequitur clamorque virum stridorque rudentum.
Eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque
Teucrorum ex oculis; ponto nox incubat atra.
Intonuere poli, et crebris micat ignibus aether, 90
praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.
Aeolus
haec contra: “Tuus, o regina, quid optes
explorare
labor; mihi iussa capessere fas est.
Tu
mihi quodcumque hoc regni, tu sceptra Iovemque
concilias,
tu das epulis accumbere divum
nimborumque
facis tempestatumque potentem.” 80
SUGGESTED WORD ORDER
(A) Aeolus
[dixit] haec contra: “O regina, [est]
tuus labor explorare quid optes; [et] est fas mihi capessere [tua] iussa. (B)
Tu concilias quodcumque hoc [est] regni mihi, [mea] sceptra [et]
Iovem; tu das [mihi] accumbere epulis div[or]um et facis [me] potentem nimborum
[et] tempestatum.”
CALDWELL
(A) Aeolus
answered, “Your task, my queen, is to tell me what you want, and mine is to do
what you command. (B) I owe to you my kingdom, such as it
is, my scepter, the favor of Jupiter, my presence at the gods’ banquets, my
rule over cloud and storms.”
[est] tuus labor “it is your task…”
optes subjunctive in indirect question
regni partitive genitive with quodcumque hoc [est], “whatever this [is] of a kingdom…”
mihi dative of reference, “for me”
[mea] sceptra poetic plural; translate as
singular
“optes” is second person singular present subjunctive active of opto, optare, optavi, optatum (1), “to
choose, select; desire.” “explorare” is present infinitive of explore, explorare, exploravi, exploratum
(1), “to inquire into, ascertain.” “labor”
is nominative singular of labor,
laboris m. (3), “task.” “capessere”
is present infinitive of capesso,
capessere, capessivi, capessitum (3), “to grasp hold of, to pursue with
zeal.”
The indeclinable “fas” = “right; ordained (by divine law).”
“facis” is second person singular present indicative active of facio, facere, feci, factum, “to
make; appoint.”
Haec ubi dicta,
cavum conversa cuspide montem
impulit in latus:…
impulit in latus:…
SUGGESTED WORD ORDER
(C) Ubi
haec dicta [sunt] impulit cavum montem in latus cuspide conversa:
CALDWELL
(C) …he
struck the side of the hollow mountain with his spear:
cuspide conversa ablative of means
“Haec” is nominative
plural neuter of the demonstrative pronoun hic, haec, hoc.
“ubi”: temporal conjunction. “dicta” is perfect passive participle
of dico, dicere, dixi, dictum (3rd).
The adjective “cavum” is accusative singular masculine of cavus,
cava, cavum, “hollow.” “conversa” is ablative of the perfect passive
participle ofconverto, convertere, conversi, conversum (3rd), “turn,
turn towards.” “cuspide” is ablative singular of cuspis,
cuspidis, f. (3rd), “spear.” “montem” is
accusative singular of mons, montis, m. (3rd).
“impulit” is third
person singular perfect indicative active of impello, impellere,
impuli, impulsum (3rd), “drive on, push;
strike.” “in”=preposition + accusative, i.e. “latus.” “latus” is
accusative singular of latus, lateris, n. (3rd),
“side.”
…ac venti, velut agmine facto,
qua data porta, ruunt et terras turbine perflant.
qua data porta, ruunt et terras turbine perflant.
SUGGESTED WORD ORDER
(C) ...ac venti runt qua porta data [i.e., data
est] et perflant terras turbine, velut agmine facto
CALDWELL
(C) ...and
the winds rushed through the opening like a military formation and flew across
the earth in a tornado
velut agmine facto ablative absolute, “just as if a line of
battle had been drawn up”
“ac”=copulative
conjunction. “venti” is nominative plural of ventus, venti,
m. (2nd). The comparative adverb “velut”=”just
as.””agmine” is ablative singular of agmen, agminis, n. (3rd),
“army on line of march.” “facto” is perfect participle of fio,
fieri, factum sum, passive of facio, facere, feci, factum.
“qua”=adverb of
place or manner. “data” is perfect passive participle
of do, dare, dedi, datum. “porta” is nominative
singular of porta, portae, f. (1st),
“gate.” “ruunt” is third person plural present indicative active of ruo,
ruere, rui, rutum, “to rush, cause to rush, drive.” “et”:
copulative. “terras” is accusative plural of terra, terrae,
f. (1st). “turbine” is ablative singular of turbo,
turbinis, m. (3rd), “whirlwind.” “perflant” is third
person plural present indicative active of perflo, perflare,
perflavi, perflatum, (1st), “to blow through.”
Incubuere mari,
totumque a sedibus imis
una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis 85
Africus, et vastos volvunt ad litora fluctus.
una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis 85
Africus, et vastos volvunt ad litora fluctus.
SUGGESTED WORD ORDER
(D) Incubuere [i.e. incubuerunt] mari una: Eurus [et] Notus et Africus creber procellis,
runt totum [mare] a imis sedibus et volvunt vastos fluctus ad litora.
CALDWELL
(D) They fell upon the sea at the same time, East and South and
stormy Africus, stirred it up from the depths and rolled great waves to the
shore.
procellis
ablative of respect
“incubuere” is third person plural
perfect indicative active of incubo, incubare, incubui, incubitum (1st), “to
lie upon, brood over.” “mari” is dative singular of mare,
maris, n. (3rd). “totum” is accusative singular of the
adjective totus, tota, totum. “a sedibus”=ablative of place
from which. “sedibus” is ablative plural of sedes, sedis, f. (3rd),
“seat, abode.” “imis” is ablative plural feminine of the adjective imus,
ima, imum, “lowest.”
“una” is ablative singular of unus,
una, unum. “Eurus”= “East Wind.” “Notus”=
“South Wind. “ruunt” is third person
plural present indicative active of ruo, ruere, rui, rutum. The
adjective “creber” is nominative singular masculine of creber,
crebra, crebrum, “frequent.” “procellis” is ablative plural
of procella, procellae, f. (1st),
“tempest.”
“Africus”=
“Southwest Wind.” “et”: copulative. The adjective “vastos” is
accusative plural masculine ofvastus, vasta, vastum, “huge, vast.”
“volvunt” is third person plural perfect indicative active of volvo,
volvere, volvi, volutum (3rd), “to roll.”
“ad”: preposition + accusative, here “litora.” “litora” is
accusative plural oflitus, litoris, n. (3rd),
“shore.” “fluctus” is accusative plural of fluctus, fluctus,
m. (4th), “wave.”
Insequitur clamorque
virum stridorque rudentum.
Eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque
Teucrorum ex oculis;…
Eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque
Teucrorum ex oculis;…
“Insequitur” is
third person singular present indicative of the deponent insequor,
insequi, insecutus sum, “to follow.” “clamor” is nominative
singular of clamor, clamoris, m. (3rd),
“shout.” “virum” is the contracted form of the genitive plural of vir,
viri, m. (2nd). “stridor” is nominative singular
of stridor, stridoris, m (3rd), “creaking,
rattling.” “-que…-que” joins “clamor” and “stridor.” “rudentum” is
genitive plural of rudens, rudentis, m. (3rd),
“cable.”
“Eripiunt” is third
person plural present indicative active of eripio, eripere, eripui,
ereptum (3rd), “to snatch away.” The adverb
“subito” = “suddenly.” “nubes” is nominative plural of nubes,
nubis, f. (3rd), “cloud.” “caelum” is accusative
singular of caelum, caeli, m. (2nd),
“heaven.” “diem” is accusative singular of dies, diei, m.
(sometimes feminine in singular), “day.”
“Teucrorum” is
genitive plural of Teucri, Teucrorum, m. (2nd),
“the Trojans.” “ex oculis”= “from the eyes [of the Trojans]”;
“ex”+ablative= “from”; “oculis” is ablative plural of oculus,
oculi, m. (2nd), “eye.”
ponto nox incubat
atra.
Intonuere poli, et crebris micat ignibus aether, 90
praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.
Intonuere poli, et crebris micat ignibus aether, 90
praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.
“ponto” is dative singular of pontus,
ponti, m. (2nd), “sea.” “nox” is nominative singular
of nox, noctis, f. (3rd). “incubat” is
third person singular present indicative active of incubo, incubare,
incubavi, incubatum. The adjective “atra” is nominative singular
feminine of ater, atra, atrum, “black, gloomy.”
“Intonuere” is third person plural
perfect indicative active of intono, intonare, intonnui (1st),
“to thunder.” “poli” is nominative plural of polus, poli, m. (3rd),
“the pole, heaven.” “et”: copulative, joining “intonuere” and “micat.”
The adjective “crebris” is ablative plural masculine of creber,
crebra, crebrum, “frequent.” “micat” is third person singular
present indicative active of mico, micare, micui (1st),
“to move quickly back and forth; to glitter.” “ignibus” is ablative
plural of ignis, ignis, m. (3rd), “fire;
lightning.” “aether” is nominative singular of aether,
aetheris, m. (3rd), “the bright upper air, ether.”
The adjective “praesentem” is
accusative singular feminine of praesens, praesentis, f. (3rd),
“present, immediate.” “viris” is dative plural of vir, viri, m.
(2nd). “intentant” is third person plural present
indicative active of intento, intentare, intentavi, intentatum (1st),
“to threaten, direct against.” The adjective “omnia” is nominative
plural of omnis, omne, “all.” “mortem” is
accusative singular of mors, mortis, f. (3rd),
“death.”
Virgil Aeneid 1.76-91 Scansion
Aēŏlŭs| haēc cōn|trā: || “tŭŭs|, ō rēg|īnă, quĭd| ōptēs
ēxplōr|ārĕ lăb|ōr; || mĭhĭ| iūssă căp|ēssĕrĕ| fās ēst.
tū mĭhĭ| quōdcūm|que hōc || rēg|nī, tū| scēptră Iŏv|ēmquĕ
cōncĭlĭ|ās, tū| dās || ĕpŭl|īs āc|cūmbĕrĕ| dīvŭm
nīmbōr|ūmquĕ făc|īs || tēm|pēstāt|ūmquĕ pŏt|ēntĕm.”80
Haēc ŭbĭ| dīctă, căv|ūm || cōn|vērsā| cūspĭdĕ| mōntĕm
īmpŭlĭt| īn lătŭs|; āc || vēn|tī vĕlŭt| āgmĭnĕ| fāctō,
quā dătă| pōrtă, rŭ|ūnt || ēt| tērrās| tūrbĭnĕ| pērflānt.
īncŭbŭ|ērĕ măr|ī || tōt|ūmque ā| sēdĭbŭs| īmīs
ūna Eūr|ūsquĕ Nŏt|ūsquĕ || rŭ|ūnt crēb|ērquĕ prŏc|ēllīs85
Āfrĭcŭs|, ēt vās|tōs || vōl|vūnt ād| lītŏră| flūctūs.
īnsĕquĭt|ūr clām|ōrquĕ || vĭr|ūm strīd|ōrquĕ rŭd|ēntŭm;
ērĭpĭ|ūnt sŭbĭt|ō || nūb|ēs caēl|ūmquĕ dĭ|ēmquĕ
Teūcrōr|um ēx ŏcŭl|īs; || pōn|tō nōx| īncŭbăt| ātră;
īntŏnŭ|ērĕ pŏl|i ēt || crēb|rīs mĭcăt| īgnĭbŭs| aēthēr90
praēsēn|tēmquĕ vĭr|īs || īn|tēntān|t ōmnĭă| mōrtĕm.
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