Wednesday, July 4, 2018

2018 ICA Latin 4 Virgil Aeneid 1.42-54 Course Notes


Virgil Aeneid 1.42-54
Course Notes

Ipsa, Iovis rapidum iaculata e nubibus ignem,
disiecitque rates evertitque aequora ventis,
illum expirantem transfixo pectore flammas
turbine corripuit scopuloque infixit acuto.               
45
Ast ego, quae divum incedo regina, Iovisque
et soror et coniunx, una cum gente tot annos
bella gero! Et quisquam numen Iunonis adorat
praeterea, aut supplex aris imponet honorem?'
Talia flammato secum dea corde volutans               50
nimborum in patriam, loca feta furentibus Austris,
Aeoliam venit. Hic vasto rex Aeolus antro
luctantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras
imperio premit ac vinclis et carcere frenat.

SUGGESTED WORD ORDER
(A)   [Minerva] ipsa iaculata [est] rapidum ignem Iovis e nubibus [et] disiecit rates [et] evertis aequora ventis, [et] turbine corripuit illum exspirantem flammas [e] transfixo pectore [et] infixil [eum in] acuto scopulo. (B)  ast ego, quae incedo regina div[or]um et soror et coniunx Iovis, gero bella cum una gente tot annos.  Et praeteria quisquam adorat numen Iunonis aut supplex imponet honorem [in] aris? (C) Volutans talia cum se [in] flammato corde, dea veni in Aeoliam, patriam nimborum, loca feta furentibus Austris. (D)  Hic rex Aeolus permit luctantis ventos [et] sonoras tempestates [in] vasto antro imperio ac fenat illos vinclis et carcere

CALDWELL
(A)  “She herself threw Jupiter’s swift fire from the clouds, shattered the ships, and overturned the sea with winds, then carried off Ajax in a whirlwind, breathing out flames from his pierced chest, and impaled him on a rock.  (B) But I, queen of the gods, Jupiter’s sister and wife, still wage war with one people after so many years.  Who now will worship the power of Juno, or put suppliant honor on her altars?”  (C) With thoughts like this in her inflamed heart, the goddess came to Aeolia, land of the winds and source of storms.  (D) Here in a vast cave King Aeolus ruled the struggling winds and noisy storms, restraining them with chains and prison.




Ipsa, Iovis rapidum iaculata e nubibus ignem,
disiecitque rates evertitque aequora ventis,

ventis ablative of means

“iaculata” is perfect passive participle of the deponent iaculor, iaculari, iaculatus sum (1st), “to throw or hurl.”  “disiecit” is third person singular perfect indicative active of disicio, disicere, disieci, disiectum (3rd),  “to fling apart, scatter.”  “evertit” is third person singular perfect indicative active of everto, evertere, everti, eversum(3rd), “to overthrow.” 

The intensive pronoun “ipsa” is feminine nominative singular of ipse, ipsa, ipsum, here referring to Pallas Athena.  “Iovis” is genitive singular of the irregular Iupiter, Iovis, m. (3rd).  The possessive genitive is modifies “ignem.”  “ignem” is accusative singular of ignis, ignis, m. (3rd), “fire”; direct object of “iaculata.” The adjective  “rapidum” is masculine accusative singular of rapidus, rapida, rapidum; describes “ignem.”  The preposition “e” takes the ablative, here “nubibus”; “from the clouds.”  “nubibus” is ablative plural of nubes, nubis, f. (3rd), “clouds.”

“rates” is accusative plural of ratis, ratis, f. (3rd), “ship.”  “que…que”:  coordinating conjunctions.  “aequora” is accusative plural of aequor, aequoris, n. (3rd), “smooth surface; the sea.” Direct object of “evertit.” “ventis” is ablative plural of ventis, venti, m. (2nd), “the wind.”  Instrumental ablative.

illum expirantem transfixo pectore flammas
turbine corripuit scopuloque infixit acuto.               45

turbine ablative of means
transfixo pectore ablative of separation
acuto scopulo ablative of place where  

The demonstrative pronoun “illum” is masculine accusative singular of ille, illa, illud, here referring to Ajax.  “pectore” is ablative singular of pectus, pectoris, n. (3rd), “breast.”  “flammas” is accusative plural of flamma, flammae, f. (1st), “fire, flame.”  Construe with “exspirantem.”
“transfixo” is perfect passive participle of transfigo, transfigere, transfixi, transfixum, “to pierce through, transfix.”  “corripuit” is third person singular perfect indicative active of corripio, corripere, corripui, correptum (3rd –io), “to seize, snatch.”  “infixit” is third person singular perfect indicative active of infigo, infigere, infixi, infixum, “to fasten, fix.”  “exspirantem” is present active participle of exspiro, exspirare, expsiravi, expsiratum“to breath out, exhale.” 
“turbine” is ablative singular of turbo, turbinis, m. (3rd), “whirlwind.” “scopulo” is ablative singular of scopulus, scopuli, m. (2nd), “rock, crag.”  The adjective “acuto,” modifying “scopulo,”  is masculine ablative singular of acutus, acuta, acutum, “sharp.”   





Ast ego, quae divum incedo regina, Iovisque
et soror et coniunx, una cum gente tot annos
bella gero! Et quisquam numen Iunonis adorat
praeterea, aut supplex aris imponet honorem?'

tot annos accusative of extent of time
adorat best read w praetorian quisquam as “does anyone henceforth worship…”
aris ablative of place where

“incedo” is first person singular present indicative active of incedo, incedere, incessi, incessum, “to move, advance.”
“gero” is first person singular present indicative active of gero, gerere, gessi, gestum (3rd), “to wage.”  Historical present. 

“Ast”=archaic form of the adversative conjunction at, “but.”  “ego” is nominative singular of the first person pronoun, which when used conveys emphatic force. “quae” is feminine nominative singular of the relative pronoun qui, quae, quod.  Agrees with antecedent “ego.”  “divum” is a contracted form of the genitive plural ofdivus, divim. (2nd).    “regina” is   nominative singular of regina, reginae, f. (1st).  “Iovis” is genitive ofIupiter

et…et=both…and.  “soror” is nominative singular of soror, sororis, f. (3rd).  “coniunx” is feminine nominative singular of coniunx, coniugis, m./f. (3rd), “wife.”  “una” is feminine ablative singular of unus, una, unum.  “una” modifies “gente.”  “gente” is ablative singular of gens, gentis, f. (3rd).  the preposition “cum” takes the ablative, here “gente.”  The indeclinable adjective “tot” modifies “annos.”  “annos” is accusative plural ofannus, anni, m. (2nd). 
“bella” is accusative plural of bella, belli, m. (2nd). 

              ... Et quisquam numen Iunonis adorat
praeterea, aut supplex aris imponet honorem?'

“adorat” is third person singular present indicative active of adoro, adorare, adoravi, adoratum (1st), “to adore.”    
“imponet” is third person singular future indicative active of impono, imponere, imponui, impositum (3rd), “to place on.” 

The conjunction “et” here conveys indignation and a suggests a negative answer to the following rhetorical question.  “quisquam”is masculine nominative singular of the indefinite pronoun quisquam, quaequam, quicquam, “anyone.”  “numen” is accusative singular of numen, numinis, n. (3rd), “god, deity, divinity.””Iunonis” is genitive singular of Iuno, Iuonis, f.


The adverb “praeterea”= “besides; after this.” The conjunction “aut”= “or.” The adjective “supplex” is nominative singular masculine of supplex, supplicism.f./n. (3rd), “kneeling, suppliant.”  “aris” is dative plural of ara, arae, f. (1st), “altar.”  “honorem” is accusative singular of honos, honoris, m. (3rd), “honor, offering.”  

Talia flammato secum dea corde volutans               50
nimborum in patriam, loca feta furentibus austris,
Aeoliam venit…

flammato corde ablative of place where
furentibus Austris ablative of means after feta; read metonymically, “all sorts of raging winds”

“talia” is accusative neuter plural of the adjective talis, tale m.f. / n. (3rd), “such, of such kind.”  “flammato” is ablative singular neuter of the perfect passive participle of flammo, flammare, flammavi, flammatum, “to set ablaze.”  “flammato” agrees with “corde.”  “corde” is ablative singular of cor, cordis, n. (3rd).  “secum”:  cf. line 37.  “dea” is feminine nominative singular of dea, deae (1st).  “volutans” is present participle of voluto, volutare, volutavi, volutatum, “to ponder, turn over in the mind.” 

“nimborum” is genitive plural of nimbus, nimbim. (2nd), “cloud, storm-cloud.”  The preposition “in” takes the accusative=”into.” “patriam” is accusative singular of patria, patriae, f. (1st).  “loca” is accusative plural oflocus, loci, m. (2nd). The adjective “feta” is accusative plural of fetus, feta, fetum, “pregnant, filled with.” “furentibus” is ablative plural masculine of the present participle of the intransitive furo, furere, furui (3rd); “furentibus austris”=”raging winds.” “austris” is ablative plural of auster, austri, m. (2nd), “the south wind.” 

“Aeoliam” is accusative of Aeolia, Aeoliae, f. (1st), “the country of Aeolus.”  “venit” is third person singular present indicative active of venio, venire, veni, ventum.   

Hic vasto rex Aeolus antro
luctantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras
imperio premit ac vinclis et carcere frenat.

The adverb “hic”=”here, hereupon.”  The adjective “vasto,” which modifies “antro,” is ablative singular neuter of vasto, vasta, vastum“huge, vast.”  “rex” is nominative singular masculine of rex, regis, m. (3rd). “antro” is ablative singular of antrum, antrin. (2nd), “cave.”   

“luctantes” is present participle of the intransitive deponent luctor, luctari, luctatus sum, “to struggle.”  “ventos” is accusative plural of ventus, venti, m. (2nd), “wind.”  “tempestates” is accusative plural of tempestas, tempestatis, f. (3rd), “storm.” The conjunction  –que links to “ventos.”  The adjective “sonoras,” qualifying “tempestates,” is accusative plural feminine of sonorus, sonora, sonorum, “loud, noisy.”

“imperio” is ablative singular of imperium, imperii, m. (2nd), “command, rule, empire.”  “premit” is third person singular present indicative active of premo, premere, pressi, pressum, “press, keep down, keep in.”  The conjunction “ac”=”atque,” linking the verbs “premit” and “frenat.”   “vinclis” is a contracted form of “vinculus,” ablative plural of vinculum, vinculi, n. (2nd), “chain.”   The conjunction “et” connects “vinclis” and “carcere,” two words expressing a single idea (hendiadys).  “carcere” is ablative singular of carcer, carceris, m. (3rd), “prison.”   “frenat” is third person singular present indicative active of freno, frenare, frenavi, frenatum(1st), “to control with reins, curb.” 




Aeneid 1.44-54 Scansion
īllum ēx|spīrān|tēmtrān|sfīxō| pēctŏrĕ| flāmmās
tūrbĭnĕ| cōrrĭpŭ|ītscŏpŭl|ōque īn|fīxĭt ăc|ūtō;  45
āst ĕgŏ|, quaē dīv|um īncēd|ōrēg|īnă Iŏv|īsquĕ
ēt sŏrŏr| ēt cōn|iūnx,ūn|ā cūm| gēntĕ tŏt| ānnōs
bēllă gĕr|o. ēt quīs|quāmnūm|ēn Iūn|ōnĭs ăd|ōrăt
praētĕrĕ|a aūt sūp|plēxār|īs īm|pōnĕt hŏn|ōrĕm?”
Tālĭă| flāmmāt|ōsēc|ūm dĕă| cōrdĕ vŏl|ūtāns  50
nīmbōr|um īn pătrĭ|ām,lŏcă| fētă fŭr|ēntĭbŭs| Aūstrīs,
Aēŏlĭ|ām vĕnĭt|. hīcvās|tō rēx| Aēŏlŭs| āntrō
lūctān|tēs vēn|tōstēm|pēstāt|ēsquĕ sŏn|ōrās
īmpĕrĭ|ō prĕmĭt| ācvīn|clīs ēt| cārcĕrĕ| frēnăt.

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