Latin III: Evangelium Secundum Marcum. Mark 2:12-20 Course Notes

Latin III

Evangelium Secundum Marcum

Instructor:  James Ransom

September 27, 2013

Mark 2:12-20

12      Et surrexit et protinus sublato grabato abiit coram omnibus, ita ut admirarentur omnes et glorificarent Deum dicentes:  “Numquam sic vidimus!”

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2:12     Et surrexit et protinus sublato…abiit He arose, and immediately after he had taken up…he walked out; “surrexit” is third person singular perfect active indicative of surgo, surgere, surrexi, surrectum.  “sublato” is the passive perfect participle of tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatum. “abiit” is third person singular perfect active indicative of abeo, abire, abii, abitum. coram omnibus in the sight of all; “coram” is an adverb meaning “publically, openly.”  “omnibus” is ablative plural of the third declension adjective omnis, omne, n.  ita ut admirarentur omnes et glorificarent Deum dicentes so that all were amazed and continually glorified God, saying; “ita ut” introduces the purpose clause (which sometimes merges into a result clause, as here), which takes the subjunctive. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/UtClauses.pdf.  “admirarentur” is third person plural imperfect subjunctive of (ad-) miror, mirari, miratus sum, “wonder, be amazed.” “glorificarent” is third person plural imperfect subjunctive of glorifico, glorificar.  “omnes,” the substantive subject, is third personal plural accusative of omnis, omne, n. “dicentes” is present active participle of dico, dicere, dixi, dictum.   “Numquam sic vidimus!” We never saw anything like this!  “Numquam” is an adverb meaning “at no time, never.”  “vidimus” is first person plural perfect active indicative of video, videre, vidi, visum.

13      Et egressus est rursus ad mare; omnisque turba veniebat ad eum, et docebat eos.  14  Et cum praeteriret, vidit Levin Alphaei sedentem ad teloneum et ait illi:  “Sequere me.”  Et surgens secutus est eum.

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2:13     Et egressus est rursus ad mare and He went out again to the seaside; “egressus est” is third person singular perfect active indicative of the deponent verb egredior, egredi, egressus sum. Deponent verbs have passive forms but active meanings.  http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Deponent.pdf. “rursus” is an adverb with several senses, here meaning “again.”  omnisque turba veniebat ad eum and the whole crowd came to him; “que,” meaning “and,” is frequently post-positive.  “turba” is nominative singular of the first declension noun turba, turbae, f. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Declension123.pdf. “veniebat” is third person singular imperfect indicative active of venio, venire, veni, ventum.  “eum” is accusative singular of the personal pronoun is, ea, id.  http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/PersonalPronouns.pdf “docebat” is third personal singular imperfect active indicative of doce, docere, docui, doctum.  The imperfect tense denotes progressive, continued, or repeated action in past time. 

2:14     Et cum praeteriret And when he was passing by; the preposition “cum” has temporal force here. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/bennett.html#sect288  

“praeteriret” is third person singular perfect active indicative of praetereo, praeterire, praeterivi, praeteritum, “to pass by.”  vidit Levin Alphaei He saw Levi the son of Alphaeus; i.e., Matthew; cf. Mat. 9:9.  sedentem at teloneum sitting at the tax collection office; “sedentem” is the accusative masculine singular participle of sedeo, sedere, sedi, sessum.  http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Participles.pdf

“teloneum” is the accusative of the second declension noun teloneum telonei, m.  et ait illi:  “Sequere me.”  “Sequere” is the imperative of sequor, sequi, secutus sum.  Et surgens secutus est eum And rising up, he followed Him.  “surgens” is present active participle of surgo, surgere, surrexi, surrectum.  “secutus est” is third person singular present active indicative of the deponent verb sequor, sequi, secutus sum.  Deponent verbs have passive forms but active meanings.  http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/bennett.html#sect112 “eum” is accusative singular of the personal pronoun is, ea, id. 

15      Et factum est cum accumberet in domo illius, et multi publicani et peccatores simul discumbebant cum Iesu et discipulis eius, erant enim multi et sequebantur eum. 

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2:15     Et factum est And it came to pass; the Latin translation of the Greek Καὶ γίνεται is sometimes omitted in modern versions.  “factum est” is the third person singular passive indicative of facio, facere, feci, factum.  Cum accumberet as he reclined at a meal in his house; “accumberet” is the third person singular imperfect subjunctive of accumbo, accumbare, accumbui, accubitum.  Note the use of cum + subjunctive to achieve temporal force.  in domo illius in his house; the referent of “illius” is unclear.  Luke 5:29 states that it was the house of Matthew (“et fecit ei convivium magnum Levi in domo sua”). et multi publicani et peccatores and many publicans and sinners; “publicani” is nominative plural of the second declension noun publicanus, publicana, publicanum.   http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Declension2.pdf  “peccatores”  is nominative plural of the third declension noun peccator, peccatoris, m.  http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Declension3.pdf

simul discumbebant cum Iesu et discipulis eius were sitting with Jesus and his disciples; “discumbebant” is the third-person plural imperfect active indicative of discumbo, discumbere, discubui, discubitum, “to recline at table (to eat).”  “cum Iesu”:  With meaning together with, denoting accompaniment, is expressed by cum with the ablative. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/ablative3.pdf

erant enim multi et sequebantur eum for many had also followed Him.  The conjunction “enim,” typically post-positive, means “for, “indeed,” truly,” and is frequently omitted in translation.  “et” here means “also.”  “sequebantur” is third person plural imperfect indicative active of sequir, sequi, secutus sum. 

16      Et scribae pharisaeorum, videntes quia manducaret cum peccatoribus et publicanis, dicebant discipulis eius:  “Quare cum publicanis et peccatoribus manducat?”  17        Et Iesus hoc audito ait illis:  “Non necesse habent sani medicum, set qui male habent; non veni vocare iustos, sed peccatores.” 

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2:16     Et scribae pharisaeorum “And the scribes of the pharisees”; the genitive is probably partitive. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/CaseUse.pdf   Douay’s “And the scribes and the Pharisees” is based on a different manuscript tradition.  videntes quia manducaret cum peccatoribus et publicanis seeing that he ate with publicans and sinners; “videntes” is a circumstantial participle.  Note that “cum” again takes the ablative.  Dicebant discipulis eius were saying to his disciples; “dicebant” is third person plural imperfect active indicative of dico, dicere, dixi, dictum.    The imperfect denotes progressive and repeated action.  The imperfect used of speech is durative.  http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/imperfect.pdf  “discipulus eius”:  the form is the dative of indirect object. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/bennett.html#sect186.  “Quare cum publicanis et peccatoribus manducat?”  “Quare” is an interrogative adverb.  “manducat” is third person singular present active indicative of manduco, manducare, “to eat.” 

2:17     Et Iesus hoc audito ait illis:  And Jesus, having overheard this, said to them:; “ait” is a historical present. “audito” is the perfect passive participle of the fourth conjugation verb audio, audire, audivi, auditum.  http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Conjugation4.pdf   “Non necesse habent sani medicum, sed qui male habent;…” those who are well have no need for a doctor, but they that are sick; “necesse” is an indeclinable adverb used only with esse  and habere.  The adjective sanus, -a, -um here takes the genitive.  “medicum” is accusative singular of the second declension noun medicus, medici, m. “habent” is present active participle of habeo, habere, habui, habitum. 

18      Et erant discipuli Ioannis et pharisaei ieiunantes.  Et veniunt et dicunt illi:  “Cur discipuli Ioannis et discipuli pharisaeorum ieiunant, tui autem discipuli non ieiunant?”

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2:18     erant…ieiunantes         were accustomed to fast; the construction of the imperfect of sum and the present active participle of ieiuno combine to form the imperfect tense.  The imperfect shows action in the past that is continuing and customary (cf. Douay’s “used to fast”).  Et veniunt et dicunt they came and said; the verbs, impersonal third person plurals, are historical presents and introduce direct discourse. illi to him; dative of indirect object. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/CaseUse.pdf  Cur discipuli Ioannis et discipuli pharisaeorum ieiunant Why do the disciples of John and the Pharisees fast; Cur is an interrogatory adverb.  Adverbs do not decline in Latin. “ieiunant” is third personal plural present indicative active of the first conjugation verb ieiuno, ieiunare,ieiunavi, ieiunatum. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Conjugation12.pdf  “discipuli Ioannis” and “discipuli pharisaeorum” are possessive genitives.  tui autem discipuli non ieiunant? but your disciples do not fast?; “autem” is contrastive.  “tui” is genitive singular of the irregularly declining pronoun tu, tui.  http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tu#Latin

19      Et ait illis Iesus:  “Numquid possunt convivae nuptiarum, quamdiu sponsus cum illis est, ieiunare?  Quanto tempore habent secum sponsum, non possunt ieiunare; 20       venient autem dies cum auferetur ab eis sponsus, et tunc ieiunabunt in illa die.

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2:19     Et ait illis Iesus:  And Jesus said to them; dative of indirect object.  Numquid possunt convivae nuptiarum…ieiunare? the guests of the bridal chamber cannot fast, can they;  “numquid,” the negative interrogative particle, is used when a negative answer is expected. “possunt” is third person plural present indicative active of the irregular verb possum, posse, potui. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/IrregularVerbs.pdf  “ieiunare” is a complementary infinitive, completing the sense of the verb “possunt.” “convivae” refers to guests of the bridegroom (cf. Greek οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος [and the reading filii in some Latin manuscripts]),  “young men of the wedding hall,” the bridegroom’s attendants.  “convivae” is genitive singular of the first declension noun conviva, convivae,m. quamdiu sponsus cum illis est while the bridegroom is with them; “quamdiu” is an adverb meaning “as long as, during.”  “sponsus” is nominative singular of the second declension noun sponsus, sponsi, m.  “illis” is dative plural of the demonstrative pronoun ille, illa, illud.  http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/DemonstrativePronouns.pdf  

Quanto tempore habent secum sponsum, non possunt ieiunare As long as they have the bridegroom with them, they cannot fast; “quanto tempore”=” “for as long as”; ablative of time.  http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/ablative3.pdf

2:20     venient autem dies cum auferetur ab eis sponsus but the day will come when the bridegroom shall be taken away from them; “venient” is third person plural future indicative active of venio, venire, veni, ventum.  “cum” has temporal force here; translate “when.”  “auferetur” is third person singular future passive indicative of the irregular verb (au)-fero, ferre, tuli, latum, “to take away.”  “ab eis”=“from them”; “eis” is dative plural of the demonstrative pronoun ille, illa, illud.  “Many verbs of taking away and the like take the dative [of separation] (especially of a person) instead of the ablative of separation.”  Allen & Greenough’s New Latin Grammar 381.  http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~silver/AG/ag-dat.html

et tunc ieiunabunt in illa die and then they shall fast in that day; the adverb “tunc” means “then; from that time on.”  “ieiunabunt” is third person plural future indicative active of the first conjugation verb ieiuno, ieiunare,ieiunavi, ieiunatum.  “illa” is feminine ablative singular, in agreement with “die.”  [Douay’s “in those days” renders an earlier manuscript tradition.] “die” is ablative singular of the fifth declension noun dies, diei, m./f.  

Mark 1:38-45 Course Notes

Latin III:  Evangelium Secundum Marcum

Instructor:  James Ransom

September 19, 2013

Course Notes for Tuesday, September 24

Mk. 1:38-45

 

38      Et ait illis:  “Eamus alibi in proximos vicos, ut et ibi praedicem:  adhoc enim veni.”  39          Et venit praedicans in synagogis eorum per omnem Galilaeam et daemonia eiciens.

 

1:38      Eamus “Let us go”; the verbal form is first person plural present active subjunctive.  The hortatory is an independent use of the subjunctive [501] [App.37], expressing an exhortation or request in the first person.  in proximos vicos into the neighboring towns the form is the ablative of place or “locative” ablative [App 16]. ut et ibi praedicem that I may preach there also; “ut”is the usual conjunction to introduce purpose clauses.  praedicem is the  first-person singular present active subjunctive of praedicō, praedicere, praedixi, praedictum. [501].The optative is another independent use of the subjunctive [App. 37].  adhoc enim veni for this reason I am come; “adhoc” = “for this purpose”; “veni” is the first person singular perfect active indicative of venio, venire, veni, ventum. 

1:39     Et venit…per omnem Galilaeam and He went throughout all Galilee praedicans in synagogis eorum “preached in their synagogues”; “praedicans” is the perfect active participle of praedico. [dico in 501].  “eorum” is genitive plural of the personal pronoun is, ea, id.  “synagogis” is ablative plural of the first declension noun synagoga, synagogae, f.  et daemonia eiciens and casting out devils.  “eiciens” is the present active participle of eicio, eicere, eieci, eiectum. [501].“daemonia” is accusative plural of the second declension noun daimonium, daemonii, n. 

40      Et venit ad eum leprosus deprecans eum et genu flectens et dicens ei: “Si vis, potes me mundare.”  41       Et misertus extendens manum suam tetigit eum et ait illi:  “Volo, mundare!” 42      et statim discessit ab eo lepra, et mundatus est. 

40        venit    came;  the verb, a historical present, is third person singular present active indicative of venio, venire, veni, ventum [501].  Deprecans…flectens…dicens are all present active participles. “Si vis, potes me mundare” If you will, you have the power to cleanse me; “mundare” is the infinitive of mundo, mundare, mundavi, mundatum. 

41        Et misertus since He was moved with compassion;  “misertus” is an alternative form of “miseritus,” the perfect passive participle of misereo, miserere, miserui, miseritum. extendens manum suam tetigit eum stretching forth His hand, He touched him; “extendens” is present active participle of (ex-) tendo, tendere, tetendi, tentum (or tensum).  “Suam” is the masculine singular accusative of the possessive personal pronoun suus, sua, suum.  “tetigit” is third person singular perfect active indicative of tango, tangere, tetigi, tactum.  “eum” is masculine singular accusative of the personal pronoun is, ea, id.  “Volo, mundare!” “I will; be cleansed!”  Here, “mundare” is the passive imperative; the passive imperative of an active verb has the form of the active infinitive. [Note the rhetorical sophistication involved in the double syntactical function accorded to “mundare.”] 

42        et statim discessit ab eo lepra and at once [i.e, “as soon as He had spoken”] the leprosy departed from him; “discessit” is third person singular perfect active indicative of discedo, discedere, discessi, discessum.  “lepra” is nominative singular of the first declension noun lepra, leprae, f. 

 

43      Et infremuit in eum statimque eiecit illum.  44     et dicit ei:  “Vide, nemini, quidquam dixeris; sed vade, ostende te sacerdote et offer pro emundatione tua, quae praecepit Moyses, in testimonium illis.” 

 

43        Et infremuit in eum And having sternly warned him; “infremuit” is third person singular perfect active indicative of infremo, infremere, infremui, infremitum. The circumstantial participle may be translated as a pluperfect since it precedes the main verb in time. “eiecit” is third person singular perfect active indicative of  eicio, eicere, eieci, eiectum. 

 

44        Vide, nemini, quidquam dixeris See that you tell no one; “Vide” is present active imperative of video, videre, vidi, visum. “nemini” is the dative of the pronoun “nemo,” “no one.”  “quidquam” =nothing, anything.  “dixeris” is second person singular perfect subjunctive active of dico, dicere, dixi, dictum.  The subjunctive has jussive and prohibitory force.  Sed vade, ostende te sacerdote but go, show yourself to the priest; “vade” is the imperative of vado, vadere.  “te” is the second person singular accusative of the reflexive pronoun.  “sacerdote” is the singular ablative of the third declension noun sacerdos, sacerdotis, m.  et offer…quae praecepit Moyses and offer those things which Moses commanded; “praecepit” is third person singular perfect active indicative of praecipio, praecipere, praecepi, praeceptum.  “offer” is the imperative of offero, offere, obtuli, oblatum.  Pro emundatione tua for your cleansing;  the preposition governs the ablative.  “emundatione” is the ablative singular of the third declension noun emundatio, emundationis, f.  in testimonium illis as a testimony to them; the preposition governs the accusative and suggests purpose.  “testimonium” is accusative singular of the second declension noun testimonium, testimonii, n.  “illis” is dative plural of the demonstrative pronoun ille, illa, illud. [App. 19]

Course Notes for Mark 1:30-37

Latin III:  Evangelium Secundum Marcum

Instructor:  James Ransom

September 14, 2013

Course Notes for Thursday, September 19

Mk. 1:30-37

30      Socrus autem Simonis decumbebat febricitans; et statim dicunt ei de illa.

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1:30    decumbebat febricitans was lying down since she was suffering with a fever; “decumbebat” is third person singular imperfect indicitave of decumbo, decumbere, decubui, decubitum. “febricitans” is feminine singular nominative present active participle of the first conjugation verb  febricito, febricitare, febricitavi, febricitatum.    

 

31      Et accedens elevavit eam apprehensa manu; et dimisit eam febris, et ministrabat eis. 

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1:31     Et accedens elevavit eam apprehensa manu and coming to her, he lifted her up, taking her by the hand;  “accedens” is the present participle of accedo, accedere, accessi, accessum[501].  “apprehensa” is the feminine passive perfect participle of [ap- ]prehendo, apprehendere, apprehendi, apprehensum [prehendo in [501]..  “manu” is ablative singular of the fourth declension noun manu, manus, nf.  “eam” is feminine singular accusative of the demonstrative pronoun is, ea, id[App. 18].  “elevavit” is third person singular perfect active indicative of the first conjugation verb elevo, elevare, elevavi, elevatus.  Et dimisit eam febris, et ministrabat eis and immediately the fever left her, and she began to serve them.  “dimisit” is third person perfect active indicative of the third conjugation dimitto, dimittere, dimisi, dimissum [mitto in [501].  “febris” is nominative singular of the third declension noun febris, febris, f. “ministrabat” is third person imperfect indicative active of the first conjugation ministro, ministrare, ministravi, ministratus.  “eis” is dative plural of the demonstrative pronoun is, ea, id. 

 

32      Vespere autem facto, cum occidisset sol, afferebant ad eum omnes male habentes et daemonia habentes; 33  et erat omnis civitas congregata ad ianuam. 

 

1:32     Vespere autem facto  But when evening came  “vespere” is an “ablative of time when” [App. 4] in agreement with “facto.”  Cum occidisset sol “when the sun had set”; “cum” introduces the temporal clause.  “occidisset” is third person singular subjunctive pluperfect of occido, occidere, occidi, occisum [501]. In narrative, “cum” plus the imperfect or pluperfect subjunctive is a commonly used to describe the circumstances that accompany or precede the action of the main verb.  AG 546.  afferebant they brought; the verb is third person plural imperfect active indicative of the irregular verb (af)fero, ferre, tuli, latum [501]. (For a list, with conjugations, of the main irregular verbs see http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Latin_irregular_verbs.) The imperfect tense denotes progressive, continued, or repeated action in past time.  Omnes male habentes all those who were sick; “omnes,” the masculine plural accusative adjective modifying “male habentes,” stands in predicate position.  The participle “habentes” modified by the adverb is translated as a form of the verb to be (male habere = to be ill).  et daemonia habentes and those who were possessed by demons; “daemonia” is the accusative plural of the second declension noun daemonium, daemonii, n. 

 

1:33     et erat omnis civitas congregata and the whole city was gathered together; note the hyperbole.  erat…congregata is the third person singular pluperfect passive indicative of the first conjugation congrego, congregare, congregavi, congregatum.  ad ianuam at His door; “ianuam” is the accusative singular of the first declension noun ianua, ianuae, f.

         

34      Et curavit multos, qui vexabantur variis languoribus, et daemonia multa eiecit et non sinebat loqui daemonia, quoniam sciebant eum.

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1:34     multos qui vexabantur variis languoribus many who were sick with various diseases; “variis languoribus” is a dative of cause.  “languoribus” is dative plural of the third declension noun languor, languoris, m.  “vexabantur” is third person plural imperfect passive indicative of the first conjugation vexo, vexare, vexavi, vexatus.  Et daemonia multa eiecit and he cast out many devils; “eiecit” is third person singular perfect active indicative of third conjugation eicio, eicere, eieci, eiectum.  et non sinebat loqui daemonia and He would not allow the demons to speak; the third person singular imperfect active indicative verb “sinebat,” cf. sino, sinere, sivi, situm,  introduces a subject accusative “daemonia” and infinitive “loqui” construction.  “loqui” is present infinitive of loquor, loqui, locutus sum.  The infinitive is most widely used in Latin in Indirect Speech, which combines an accusative subject (here, “daimonia”) with an infinitive [App. 34].  http://individual.utoronto.ca/ajhicks/indirect_statement.pdf.  quoniam sciebant eum because they knew him; the conjunction “quoniam” = “since” or “because.  “sciebant” is third person singular imperfect indicative active of fourth conjugation scio, scire, scivi, scitum. [501].

 

35      Et diluculo valde mane surgens egressus est et abiit in desertum locum ibique orabat.  36          Et persecutus est eum Simon et, qui cum illo erant; 37 et cum invenissent eum, dixerunt ei:  “Omnes quaerunt te!”

 

1:35     Et diluculo valde mane surgens  after he rose very early in the morning, while it was still dark; the circumstantial participle of third conjugation surgo, sergere, surrexi, surrectum[501] has intransitive meaning.  “diluculo” is ablative singular of diluculo, dilucui, n., “daybreak.”  “valde” is an adverbial intensifier; translate “very.”  “mane” is an indeclinable adverb meaning “early in the morning”; it is related to the third declension noun mane, matutinis, m.

  egressus est et abiit in desertum locum and going out, he went into a desert place; “egressus est” is third person singular perfect indicative active of the deponent third conjugation gradior, gradi, gressus sum [501].“abiit” is third person singular perfect active indicative of abeo, abire, abii, abitum [501].  “ibique”=and there; post-positive “–que” is frequent in Latin

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1:36     Et persecutus est eum Simon “persecutus est” is third person singular perfect active indicative of the deponent third conjugation [ per-] sequor, persequi, persecutus sum B[sequor in 501].  et qui cum illo erant and they that were with him; “illo” is singular masculine ablative of the demonstrative pronoun ille, illa, illud. 

 

1:37     et cum invenissent eum and when they had found him; the preposition “cum” has temporal force.  “invenissent” is third person plural pluperfect subjunctive of fourth conjugation  invenio, invenire, inveni, inventum.  Subjunctive of time and circumstance.  “Omnes quaerunt te!” “Omnes” is used as a substantive.  “quaerunt” is third person plural present active indicative of third conjugation quaero, quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitum. 

Course Notes for Mark 1:23-29

Latin III:  Evangelium Secundum Marcum

Instructor:  James Ransom

September 14, 2013

Course Notes for Wednesday, September 18

Mk. 1:23-29

23      Et statim erat in synagoga eorum homo in spiritu immundo; et exclamavit

24      dicens:  “Quid nobis et tibi, Iesu Nazarene?  Venisti perdere nos?  Scio qui sis:  Sanctus Dei.” 

1:23     erat…homo there was a man; the noun stands in predicate position to the indeterminate verb or copula “erat.”  eorum refers to the people whom He had just taught.  in spiritu immundo with an unclean spirit; “spiritu,” the ablative singular of the fourth declension noun spiritus, spiritus, m., is the object of the preposition.  “immundo” is ablative singular of the second declension adjective immundus, immundi, m., and  is in agreement with the noun “spiritus.”.  et exclamavit he cried out; “exclamavit” is the third person singular perfect  active indicative of (ex-) clamo, clamare, clamavi, clamatum [501].

1:24     dicens: The present participle introduces direct discourse [App. 41].  Quid nobis et tibi What have we to do with thee?  The idiom expresses indication, rejection, or indifference.  The pronouns “nobis” and “tibi” are ethical datives or datives of interest.  The plural “nobis” indicates that he is speaking for the unclean spirits in general. “quid” is neuter nominative singular of the interrogative pronoun “quis, quid.” [App. 48].  Iesu Nazarene the case is vocative [App 4].  Venisti perdere nos?  Have you come to destroy us? “Venisti” is second person singular perfect active indicative of venio, venire, veni, ventum [501].  “perdere” is the present infinitive of perdo, perdere, perdidi, perditum [501].. Scio qui sis: I know who you are; “sis” is the second person singular present subjunctive of sum, esse, fui, futurus [501].    With the subjunctive the speaker marks the action as something he wills, wishes, or considers to be possible.  The speaker is not neutral and detached, but expresses his will, wish, or at least his opinion about the action involved.  “Scio” is first person singular present active indicative of scio, scire, scivi, scitum [501].  “Qui” is the masculine nominative singular of the relative pronoun qui, quae, quod [App. 20]. 

25      Et comminatus est ei Iesus dicens:  “Obmutesce et exi de homine!”

26      Et discerpens eum spiritus immundus et exclamans voce magna exivit ab eo. 

Et comminatus est ei And threatening them; “comminatus est” is the compound third person singular perfect active indicative of the first conjugation deponent verb [App. 35] comminor, comminari, comminatus sum.  The verb governs the dative case. 

dicens the participle introduces direct discourse.  Obmutesce Be silent; the verb is the imperative of the third conjugation [App. 26] verb obmutesco, obmutescere, obmutui. et exi de homini and come out of him; the verb is the imperative of the irregular verb exeo, exire, exii, exiturus [501].   Et discerpens eum spiritus immundus after the unclean spirit had shaken him violently; “discerpens” is the present active participle of discerpo, discerpere, discerpsi, discerptum.  The circumstantial participle stands in agreement with its subject “spiritus” and takes an accusative object, “eum.”  The action of the participle precedes that of the main verb and may be translated as a pluperfect.  et exclamans voce magna and cried with a loud voice; the participle “exclamans” matches the form of “discerpens.”  voce magna is an ablative of manner [App. 14].  The ablative of manner expresses how something is done.  exivit ab eo “exivit” is the third person singular perfect active indicative of exeo. “eo” is the ablative of the personal pronoun. 

27      Et mirati sunt omnes, ita ut conquirerent inter se dicentes:  “Quidnam est hoc?  Doctrina nova cum potestate; et spiritibus immundis imperat, et oboediunt ei.”      28      Et processit rumor eius statim ubique in omnem regionem Galilaeae.

1:27     Et mirati sunt omnes And they were all amazed;  the verb is third person plural perfect indicative active of the first conjugation deponent verb [App. 35] miror, mirari, miratus sum [501].  omnes is used as a substantive and the subject of the verb.  ita ut conquirerent inter se dicentes: so that they asked questions among themselves saying: a result clause is preceded by “ut” (so that) with the verb in the subjunctive.  “conquirerent” is the third person plural imperfect subjunctive of conquiro, conquirere, conquisivi, conquistitus [see quaero in 501]. .  “…Doctrina nova cum potestate…” A new teaching with authority; “potestate” is the ablative singular of the third declension noun potestas, potestatis, f. 

“…et spirtus immundis imperat…” he even gives orders to the unclean spirits; “et” functions as an adverb.  “Imperat” is third person singular present active indicative of the first conjugation verb impero, imperare, imperavi, imperatum [501].  “…et oboediunt ei.”  and they obey him.  “obeodiunt” is third person plural present active indicative of the fourth conjugation verb oboedeo, oboedire, oboedivi, oboeditum [ob + audio] [501]. 

1:28     Et processit rumor eius “rumor” is personified as if it were a messenger.  statim ubique in omnem regionem Galilaeae at once everywhere throughout the whole surrounding region of Galillee; note the hyperbole.  The adjective stands in predicate position in agreement with “regionem.”  The preposition “in” takes the accusative [App. 47.] “Galilaeae” is a possessive genitive [App. 3]. 

29      Et protinus egredientes de synagoga venerunt in domum Simonis et Andreae cum Iacobo et Ioanne. 

1:29     Et protinus And immediately; egredientes de synagoga venerunt the plural subject includes Jesus and his four disciples.  in domum Simonis et Andreae cum Iacobo et Ioanne to the house of Simon and Andrew with James and John.

Materials on John the Baptist for September 11 Class

Latin III:  Evangelium Secundum Marcum

Instructor:  James Ransom

September 11, 2013

Flavius Josephus.

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Born in 37 AD to a priestly family, and raised in Jerusalem, Josephus first visited Rome in his early 20's as a political intermediary for the Jews; and when the Jewish revolt began he initially fought against the Romans. But, when captured by Vespasian, Josephus declared that Vespasian was destined to fulfil an ancient Jewish prophecy by becoming Emperor of Rome. When this actually happened, Vespasian gave Josephus his freedom and later adopted him, adding to him the family name of Flavius.

Rejected as a traitor by his own people, he sought unsuccesfully to persuade the defenders of Jerusalem to surrender; and personally witnessed its fall. These experiences, together with his access to both Jewish and Roman sources were the basis for his two great works. 'The Jewish War', published about 78 AD, was a history of the revolt, and the 'Jewish Antiquities', a 20 volume history of the Jewish people, was published about 93 AD. Two other works by him also survive: 'Against Apion', a defence of Judaism against a Roman critic, and 'The Life', his autobiography, published in the early second century. It is not known exactly when he died.

Josephus' work contains a number of references that provide corroboration for the historicity of the gospel records.

John the Baptist

In Antiquities, 18.5.2, Josephus discusses the ministry of John the Baptist.

"Now some of the Jews thought that the destruction of Herod's army came from God, and that very justly, as a punishment of what he did against John, that was called the Baptist: for Herod slew him, who was a good man, and commanded the Jews to exercise virtue, both as to righteousness towards one another, and piety towards God, and so to come to baptism; for that the washing [with water] would be acceptable to him, if they made use of it, not in order to the putting away [or the remission] of some sins [only], but for the purification of the body; supposing still that the soul was thoroughly purified beforehand by righteousness. Now when [many] others came in crowds about him, for they were very greatly moved [or pleased] by hearing his words, Herod, who feared lest the great influence John had over the people might put it into his power and inclination to raise a rebellion, (for they seemed ready to do any thing he should advise,) thought it best, by putting him to death, to prevent any mischief he might cause, and not bring himself into difficulties, by sparing a man who might make him repent of it when it would be too late. Accordingly he was sent a prisoner, out of Herod's suspicious temper, to Macherus, the castle I before mentioned, and was there put to death. Now the Jews had an opinion that the destruction of this army was sent as a punishment upon Herod, and a mark of God's displeasure to him."

Prophecy of Malachi 4:5-6

5 Behold, I will send you Elias the prophet, before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the Lord. 6 And he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers: lest I come, and strike the earth with anathema.

New Testament References to the Connection between John and Elias

Matthew 17:10-13

10 And his disciples asked him, saying: Why then do the scribes say that Elias must come first?11 But he answering, said to them: Elias indeed shall come, and restore all things. 12 But I say to you, that Elias is already come, and they knew him not, But have done unto him whatsoever they had a mind. So also the Son of man shall suffer from them. 13 Then the disciples understood, that he had spoken to them of John the Baptist.

John 1:19-21

19 And this is the testimony of John, when the Jews sent from Jerusalem priests and Levites to him, to ask him: Who art thou? 20 And he confessed and did not deny: and he confessed: I am not the Christ. 21 And they asked him: What then? Art thou Elias? And he said: I am not. Art thou the prophet? And he answered: No.

Beheading of John the Baptist

Mark 6:14-29

14 And king Herod heard, (for his name was made manifest,) and he said: John the Baptist is risen again from dead, and therefore mighty works shew forth themselves in him. 15 And others said: It is Elias. But others said: It is a prophet, as one of the prophets. 16 Which Herod hearing, said: John whom I beheaded, he is risen again from the dead. 17 For Herod himself had sent and apprehended John, and bound him prison for the sake of Herodias the wife of Philip his brother, because he had married her. 18 For John said to Herod: It is not lawful for thee to have thy brother’s wife. 19 Now Herodias laid snares for him: and was desirous to put him to death and could not. 20 For Herod feared John, knowing him to be a just and holy man: and kept him, and when he heard him, did many things: and he heard him willingly. 21 And when a convenient day was come, Herod made a supper for his birthday, for the princes, and tribunes, and chief men of Galilee. 22 And when the daughter of the same Herodias had come in, and had danced, and pleased Herod, and them that were at table with him, the king said to the damsel: Ask of me what thou wilt, and I will give it thee. 23 And he swore to her: Whatsoever thou shalt ask I will give thee, though it be the half of my kingdom. 24 Who when she was gone out, said to her mother, What shall I ask? But her mother said: The head of John the Baptist. 25 And when she was come in immediately with haste to the king, she asked, saying: I will that forthwith thou give me in a dish, the head of John the Baptist. 26 And the king was struck sad. Yet because of his oath, and because of them that were with him at table, he would not displease her: 27 But sending an executioner, he commanded that his head should be brought in a dish. 28 And he beheaded him in the prison, and brought his head in a dish: and gave to the damsel, and the damsel gave it her mother. 29 Which his disciples hearing came, and took his body, and laid it in a tomb.