DRAFT 2018 ICA Latin 4 Virgil 2 588 603

Virgil, Aeneid 2.588-603

Course Notes

Tālia iactābam et furiātā mente ferēbar,

cum mihi sē, nōn ante oculīs tam clāra, videndam

obtulit et pūrā per noctem in lūce refulsit                 590

alma parēns, cōnfessa deam quālisque vidērī

caelicolīs et quanta solet, dextrāque prehēnsum

continuit roseōque haec īnsuper addidit ōre:

'Nāte, quis indomitās tantus dolor excitat īrās?

Quid furis? Aut quōnam nostrī tibi cūra recessit?   595

Nōn prius aspiciēs ubi fessum aetāte parentem

līqueris Anchīsēn, superet coniūnxne Creǖsa

Ascaniusque puer? Quōs omnēs undique Grāiae

circum errant aciēs et, nī mea cūra resistat,

iam flammae tulerint inimīcus et hauserit ēnsis.     600

Nōn tibi Tyndaridis faciēs invīsa Lacaenae

culpātusve Paris, dīvum inclēmentia, dīvum

hās ēvertit opēs sternitque ā culmine Trōiam.

SUGGESTED WORD ORDER

(A) Iactabam talia [dicta] et ferbar furata mente, cum mea alma parens obtulit se mihi videndam, non ante tam clara [meis] oculis, et refulsit in pura luce per noctem, (B) confessa [suam] deam [et] qualis et quanta solet videri caelicolis, [et] continuit [me] prehensum [dextra] [et] insuper addidit haec [dicta] roseo ore:  (C) “Nate, quis tantum dolor excitat indomitas iras?  Quid furis aut quonam cura nostri tibi recessit?  (D) Non [=non-ne] prius aspicies ubi liqueris Anchisen, parentem fessum aetate, coniumx-ne Creusa superset [et] puer Ascanius?  (E) Ni mea cura resistat [hostes] et flamma iam tulerint et inimicus ensis hauserit omnis circum quos Graiae acies errant undique.  (F) Inclementia div[or]um, div[or]um tibi, evertit has opes [et] sternit Troiam a culmine, non invisa facies Lacaenae Tyndaridis culpatus-ve Paris.”

CALDWELL

(A) These thoughts were racing through my raging mind, when my dear mother appeared to me, never before so clear in my sight, shining brightly through the dark night.  She appeared as a goddess, just as she was seen by those in heaven; taking my right hand and holding it, she spoke to me from rosy lips.  ‘My son, what great grief arouses this uncontrolled anger?  Are you mad, or has all your care for me and mine disappeared?  Will you not first look where you left your father Anchises, weary with age?  Or whether your wife Creusa survives? Or the boy Ascanius?  Greek soldiers are everywhere around them; if it were not for my care, the flames and the enemy sword would already have carried them off.  It was not the hated beauty of Laconian Helen, or lthe guilt of paris, but it was the gods, the hostility of the gods, that overethrew Troy and her riches.”

Tālia iactābam et furiātā mente ferēbar,

cum mihi sē, nōn ante oculīs tam clāra, videndam

obtulit et pūrā per noctem in lūce refulsit                        590

furiata mente ablative of means

videndam gerundive of purpose, “to be seen.”

The adjective “talia,” modifying “[dicta]” understood, is neuter accusative plural of talis, tale “such.” “[dicta]” is accusative plural of dictum, dicti n. “remark, word.”  “iactabam” is first person singular imperfect indicative active of iacto, iactare, iactavi, iactatum (1) “speak, utter.”  Ganiban:  “iacto originally meant ‘toss,’ but also took on the metaphorical meaning of ‘speak’ or ‘utter,’ and here must mean ‘utter wildly.’”  furiata” is feminine ablative singular of the perfect passive participle of furio, furiare, furiavi, furiatum (1) “to drive mad, to enrage.”  “mente” is ablative singular of mens, mentis f. “mind.”  “ferebar” is first person singular imperfect indicative passive of fero, ferre, tuli, latum “to bear off, carry away.” 

The conjunction “cum” = “when.”  “mihi” is dative singular of the first person pronoun ego, mei, mihi, me, me, ego.  Dative of agent with the gerundive videndam (589).  The reflexive pronoun “se”[here referring to Aeneas’ divine mother Venus; “My mother herself”] is feminine accusative singular of the third person.  Ganiban:  “Venus…is the subject as well as the reflexive direct object (i.e. se) of obtulit [590].” The adverb “ante” = “formerly, previously”; [with non = “never before”].”oculis” is dative plural of oculus, oculi m. “eye.”  The adverb “tam” = “so (very).”  The adjective “clara” is feminine nominative singular of clarus, clara, clarum, “brilliant, illustrious.”  The gerundive “videndam” is feminine accusative singular of the future passive participle of video, videre, vidi, visum (2), “to behold, see.”  Ganiban:  the gerundive videndam…modifies se and expresses purpose.”

“obtulit” is third person singular perfect indicative active of offero, offerre, obtuli, oblatum, “to present, to reveal, show.”  The adjective “pura” is feminine ablative singular of purus, pura, purum, “bright, pure.”  The preposition “per” + accusative = “through.”  “noctem” is accusative singular of nox, noctis f. “night.”  The preposition “in” + ablative = “in.”  “luce” is ablative singular of lux, lucis f. “light.”  “refulsit” is third person singular perfect indicative active of refulgeo, refulgere, refulsi (2) [no passive] “to gleam, shine.”

alma parēns, cōnfessa deam quālisque vidērī

caelicolīs et quanta solet, dextrāque prehēnsum

continuit roseōque haec īnsuper addidit ōre:

qualis et quanta “of such beauty and of such great stature as…”

caelicolis dative of agent

dextra ablative of means

roseo ore ablative of manner or means

The adjective “alma,” modifying “parens,” is nominative feminine singular of almus, alma, almum, “nourishing, kind.” “parens” is nominative singular of parens, parentis (m./f.) (3 irr.), “parent.” “confessa” is feminine nominative singular of the perfect passive participle of the deponent confiteor, confiteri, confessus (2), “to demonstrate, manifest, reveal.”  “[suam]” understood is feminine accusative singular of the reflexive possessive pronoun suus, sua, suum “ones own.” 

“deam” is accusative singular of dea, deae f. “divinity (i.e., ‘divine nature’).”  The relative adjective “qualis” is feminine nominative singular of qualis, quale “of such a kind as…”  “videri” is present passive infinitive of video, videre, vidi, visum “to see.” 

“caelicolis” is dative plural of caelicola, caelicolae m. “deity, god (literally, ‘sky-dweller’).”

The adjective “quanta” is feminine nominative singular of quantus, quanta, quantum “how much, how many.”  “solet” is third person singular present indicative ative of soleo, solera, solitus (2) [semi-deponent], “to be accustomed, wont.” Semi-deponent:  “For these verbs only the perfect tense, and the tenses formed from it, are in the passive form, but just as with deponent verbs, the meaning is always active.        “dextra” is ablative singular of dextra, dextrae f. “right hand.”  “prehensum” is masculine accusative singular of the perfect passive participle of prehenso, prehendere, prehendi, prehensum (3), “to grasp, lay hold of, seize.” 

“continuit” is third person singular perfect indicative active of contineo, continere, continui, contentum (2), “to check, restrain.”  The adjective “roseo,” modifying “ore,” is neuter ablative singular of roseus, rosea, roseum, “pink, rosy.”  “haec,” modifying “[dicta]” understood, is neuter accusative plural of hic, haec, hoc.  “[dicta]” understood is neuter accusative plural of dicta, dicta, dictum.  The adverb “insuper” = “from above.”  “addidit” is third person singular perfect indicative adtive of addo, addere, addidi, additus, “to add, impart.”  “ore” is ablative singular of os, oris n. “mouth.”   

'Nāte, quis indomitās tantus dolor excitat īrās?

Quid furis? Aut quōnam nostrī tibi cūra recessit?           595

quis NB Virgil here uses quis instead of qui.

indomitas iras poetic plural; translate as singular

cura nostri tibi Venus uses the poetic plural of herself; translate as singular.  “tibi”: ethical dative.  Translate “care of me insofar as you are concerned” = “your regard for me”

“nate” is vocative singular of natus, nati m. “son.”  “quis” is masculine nominative singular of the interrogative pronoun quis, quid.  Construe with “tantus dolor.”  Normally the interrogative adjective qui (which modifies the noun) rather than the pronoun quis (which replaces the noun) would be expected.  However, Ganiban:  “quis, the interrogative pronoun…is often used as the interrogative adjective and here should be understood with tantus dolor.  “indomitas” is feminine accusative plural of

2018 ICA Latin 4 Virgil Aeneid 1.507-519 Course Notes

Aeneid 1:505-519

Course Notes

Tum foribus dīvae, mediā testūdine templī,               505
saepta armīs, soliōque altē subnīxa resēdit.
Iura dabat lēgēsque virīs, operumque labōrem
partibus aequābat iustīs, aut sorte trahēbat:
cum subitō Aenēās concursū accēdere magnō
Anthea Sergestumque videt fortemque Cloanthum,               510
Teucrōrumque aliōs, āter quōs aequore turbō
dispulerat penitusque aliās āvexerat ōrās.
Obstipuit simul ipse simul perculsus Achātēs
laetitiāque metūque; avidī coniungere dextrās
ārdēbant; sed rēs animōs incognita turbat.                     515

Dissimulant, et nūbe cavā speculantur amictī,
quae fortuna virīs, classem quō lītore linquant,
quid veniant; cūnctīs nam lēctī nāvibus ībant,
ōrantēs veniam, et templum clāmōre petēbant.

SUGGESTED WORD ORDER

[Dido] dabat iura [et] leges viris, aequabat laborem operum iustis partibus aut trahebat [laborem] sorte; cum subito Aeneas videt Anthea [et] Sergestum [et] fortem Cloanthum [et] alios Teucrorum accedere magno concursus, quos ater turbo dispulerat aequore [et] avexerat penitus [ad] alias oras.  Simul [Aeneas] ipse obstipuit, simul Achates percussus [est], [et] Laetitia [et] metu; avidi, ardebant coniungere dextras, sed incognita res turbat animos [eorum].  Dissimulant [animos] et amicti cava nube speculantur quae fortuna [sit] viris, [in] quo litore linquant classem, quid veniant; nam [viri] lecti [ex] cunctis navibus ibant orantes veniam et petebant templum clamore.

CALDWELL

[Dido] gave judments and laws to her people, giving out work assignments in equal shares or by lot.  Suddenly a large crows rushed up with Antheus, Sergestus, brave Cloanthus, and the other Trojans, whom a black storm had scattered over the sea and driven to other shores.  He was amazed, and Achates too was struck with happiness and fear; they wanted to embrace their friends, but uncertainty held them back.  Still within the hollow cloud, they tried to learn what had happened to the men, where they had left the ships, why they had come.  All the ships had chosen men to come and ask for mercy, and they now came clamorously to the temple.

Iura dabat legesque viris, operumque laborem
partibus aequabat iustis, aut sorte trahebat:

507                  “Iura,” direct object of “dabat,” is accusative plural of ius, iuris, n. (3^rd), “law, ordinance.”  “dabat,” agreeing with its subject “Dido” understood, is third person singular imperfect indicative active of do, dare, dedi, datum.  “leges,” linked by “-que” to “iura,” is accusative plural of lex, legis, f. (3^rd), “law.”  The indirect object “viris” is dative plural of vir, viri, m. (2^nd).  “operum,” possessive genitive limiting “laborem,” is genitive plural of opus, operis, n. (3^rd), “work.”  “-que” links this clause to the preceding clause.  “laborem” is accusative singular of labor, laboris, m. (3^rd), “toil, work.” 

508                  “partibus” is ablative plural of pars, partis, f. (3^rd), “part.”  “aequabat” is third person singular imperfect indicative active of aequo, aequare, aequavi, aequatum, “to make equal.”  The adjective “iustis,” agreeing with “partibus,” is ablative plural feminine of iustus, iusta, iustum, “just.”  “aut”= “or.”  “sorte” is ablative singular of sors, sortis, f. (3^rd), “lot, chance, fate.” Instrumental ablative.  “trahebat” is third person singular imperfect indicative active of traho, trahere, traxi, tractum, “to drag, to draw.” 

cum subito Aeneas concursu accedere magno
Anthea Sergestumque videt fortemque Cloanthum,               510
Teucrorumque alios, ater quos aequore turbo
dispulerat penitusque alias avexerat oras.

509                  “cum”:  temporal, “when.”  The temporal adverb “subito,” modifying “videt accedere,” = “suddenly.”  “concursu” is ablative singular of concursus, concursus, m. (4^th), “meeting, assembly.” “accedere” is present infinitive of accedo, accedere, accessi, accessum, “go to, approach.”  The adjective “magno,” modifying “concursu,” is ablative singular masculine of magnus, magna, magnum, “great, large.” 

510                  The names of the Trojans Antheus, Sergestus, and Cloanthus, all linked with “-que,” are all accusative singular.  “videt,” agreeing with its subject “Aeneas” in the previous line, is third person singular present indicative active of video, videre, vidi, visum. 

511                  “Teucrorum,” a partitive genitive modifying “alios,” is genitive plural ofTeucri, Teucrorum, m.  The adjective “alios,” here used substantively, is accusative plural masculine of alius, alia, aliud.  The adjective “ater,” modifying “turbo,” is nominative singular masculine of ater, atra, atrum, “black, gloomy.”  The relative pronoun “quos,” agreeing with its antecedents “Anthea” et al., is accusative plural masculine of qui, quae, quod; direct object of “dispulerat” in the following line.  The locative ablative “aequore” is ablative singular of aequor, aequoris, n. (3^rd), “level surface, sea.”  “turbo,” the subject of “dispulerat” in the following line, is nominative singular of turbo, turbinis, m. (3^rd), “storm, whirlwind.” 

512                  “dispulerat,” agreeing with its subject “turbo” in the previous line, is third person singular pluperfect indicative active of dispello, dispellere, dispuli, dispulsum, “to drive apart, separate”; the direct object is “quos” in the previous line; the relative pronoun in turn refers to its antecedents, “Anthea” et al.  The adverb “penitus”= “far, far away, far-flung; from within, deeply”;  modifies “avexerat.”  “-que” links “dispulerat” and “avexerat.”   The adjective “alias,” modifying “oras,” is accusative plural feminine of alius, alia, aliud.  “avexerat,” agreeing with its subject “turbo,” is third person singular pluperfect indicative active of aveho, avehere, avexi, avectum, “to carry off, carry away.”  “oras” is accusative plural of ora, orae, f. (1^st), “shore, coast, region, land.” 

Obstipuit simul ipse simul percussus Achates
laetitiaque metuque; avidi coniungere dextras
ardebant; sed res animos incognita turbat.                           515

513            The intransitive “obstipuit,” agreeing with its subject “ipse,” is third person singular perfect indicative active of obstipesco, obstipere, obstipui,  “to be dumbfounded, stunned, shocked, amazed.”  The temporal adverb “simul”= “at the same time, simultaneously.”  The intensive pronoun “ipse,” intensifying “Aeneas” at 509 and subject of “obstipuit,” is nominative singular masculine of ipse, ipsa, ipsum, “himself, herself, itself.”  “simul…simul”= “both…and [simultaneously].”  The participle “percussus,” agreeing with “Achates,” is perfect passive participle of percutio, percutere, percussi, percussum, “to strike.”  “Achates” is nominative singular masculine of Achates, Achatae, m., “loyal companion of Aeneas.” 

514            “laetitia” is ablative singular of laetitia, laetitiae, f. (1^st), “joy, joyfulness.” 

“-que…-que” links “laetitia” and “metu.”  “metu” is ablative singular of metus, metus, m. (4^th), “fear.”  The ablatives are instrumental.  The adjective “avidi,” agreeing with “illi” (Aeneas and Achates) understood, is nominative plural masculine of  avidus, avida, avidum, “eager, longing.”  “coniungere” is present infinitive active of coniungo, coniungere, coniunxi, coniunctum, “to join together.”  “dextras,” direct object of “coniungere,” is accusative plural of dextra, dextrae, f. (1^st), “right hand.” 

515            “ardebant,” agreeing with “illi” understood, is third person plural imperfect indicative active of intransitive ardeo, ardere, arsi, arsum, “to burn (with eagerness).”  “sed”= “but,” qualifying or contradicting the sentiment of the earlier phrase. “res,” subject of “turbat,” is nominative singular of res, rei, f. (5^th). “animos,” direct object of “turbat,” is accusative plural ofanimus, animi, m. (2^nd).  The adjective “incognita,” agreeing with “res,” is nominative singular feminine of incognitus, incognita, incognitum,  “unknown.” “turbat,” agreeing with its subject “res,” is third person singular present indicative active of turbo, turbare, turbavi, turbatum, “to confuse, confound, disturb.” 

Dissimulant, et nube cava speculantur amicti,                        516
quae fortuna viris, classem quo litore linquant,
quid veniant; cunctis nam lecti navibus ibant,
orantes veniam, et templum clamore petebant.

516            “dissimulant,” agreeing with “illi” understood,” is third person plural present indicative active of dissimulo, dissimulare, dissimulavi, dissimulatum, “to hide, conceal; to feign.”  The conjunction “et” joins “dissimulant” to “speculantur.”  “nube” is ablative singular of nubes, nubis, f. (3^rd), “cloud.” The adjective “cava,” qualifying “”nube,” is ablative singular feminine of cavus, cava, cavum, “hollow.”  The intransitive deponent “speculantur,” agreeing with “illi” understood and coordinate with “dissimulant,” is third person plural present indicative of speculor, speculari, speculatus sum, “to look out; to spy, watch, observe.”  The participle “amicti,” agreeing with its subject “illi” understood, is perfect passive participle of amicio, amicere, amicui, amictum, “to wrap around, clothe.”  

517            The interrogative adjective “quae,” introducing an indirect question and agreeing with “fortuna,” is nominative singular feminine of qui, quae, quod.   “fortuna” is nominative singular offortuna, fortunae, f. (1^st).  “viris” is dative plural of vir, viri, m. (2^nd); dative of the possessor.  “classem,” direct object of “linquant,” is accusative singular of classis, classis, f. (3^rd), “fleet.”  The interrogative adjective “quo,” introducing a second indirect question, is ablative singular ofqui, quae, quod.  “litore,” agreeing with “quo,” is ablative singular of litus, litoris,n. (3^rd), “shore.”  Ablative of place where.  “linquant,” agreeing with its implied subject “the Trojans (of Aeneas’ scattered fleet),” is third person plural present subjunctive active of linquo, linquere, liqui,“to leave”; subjunctive in indirect question.   

518                  The interrogative adjective “quid,” introducing a third indirect question, is accusative singular neuter of quis, quae, quod.  “veniant” is third person plural present subjunctive active of venio, venire, veni, ventum; subjunctive in indirect question.  The adjective “cunctis,” agreeing with “navibus,” is ablative plural feminine of cunctus, cuncta, cunctum, “all.”   The causal conjunction “nam”= “for, because, since.”  “lecti” is nominative masculine plural of the perfect passive participle of lego, legere, legi, lectum, “to choose”; “lecti” is here used substantively (i.e., “chosen men.”)  “navibus” is ablative plural of navis, navis, f. (3^rd), “ship”; ablative of place from which.  “ibant,” agreeing with its subject “lecti,” is third person plural imperfect indicative active of eo, ire, ii, itum, “to go.” 

519                  “orantes,”  agreeing with “lecti” in the previous line, is present participle oforo, orare, oravi, oratum, “to pray.”  “veniam” is accusative singular of venia, veniae, f. (1^st), “favor, pardon.”  The conjunction “et” links “ibant” and “petebant.”  “templum,” direct object of “petebant,” is accusative singular of templum, templi, n. (2^nd), “temple.”   “clamore” is ablative singular of clamor, clamoris, m. (3^rd), “shout, clamor.”  Ablative of manner.  “petebant,” agreeing with its subject “lecti” in the previous line, is third person plural imperfect indicative active of peto, petere, petivi, petitum, “to ask, petition.” 

DICKINSON COLLEGE COMMENTARY

507: iura legesque: “the laws and ordinance,” a single idea expressed by two words, which are here synonymous (F-B). viris: “to the people” (F-B). operumque laborem: “the execution of (public) works” (Frieze).
508: aequabat...aut sorte trahebat: i.e., if possible, she assigned the work in equal portions; otherwise, she distributed it by lot (F-B). She was assigning the charge of these to various overseers, either directly, according to her own judgement, or else by drawing (trahebat) lots from an urn. The act of drawing the lots is transferred by a poetic turn of expression to the labor which was to be determined by lots (Frieze).
509: concursu magno: abl. absol. (Chase). The multitude of Carthaginians accompanying the Trojans (Frieze). Either in or through the multitude crowding to the temple, or with a great crowd collecting round them (Conington).
512: penitus: “far away” (F-B). oras: acc. of motion after avexerat (Robertson). Accusative of limit of motion (F-B) (AG 426).
513: obstipuit: understood with Achates (Frieze). Belongs to both subjects (Walpole). percussus: understood with ipse (Frieze). simul...simul: a variation for et...et (F-B).
514: avidi coniungere dextras ardebant: “they burned with eagerness to join hands.” The infinitive depends on ardebant, which is a strong verb of desire (F-B).
515: res incognita: “the uncertain situation.” They do not know how they will be received (F-B).
516: dissimulant: sc. se adesse, “they hide their presence” (Walpole). “They remain concealed” (Frieze). “They keep hidden” (F-B).
517: quae fortuna viris: sc. sit (F-B). linquant: present, because the action of the verb continues (Storr). Observe the force of the present tense. It is equivalent to saying, “where they may have left their fleet, and where it
518: quid veniant: “why they come” (F-B). quid is the adverbial accusative; “as to what, why?” (Frieze). lecti: “chosen men” (F-B). cunctis...navibus: “chosen from all the ships” (Frieze).
519: orantes veniam: “craving grace,” or “suing for favor.” Their actual appeals are given in 525–6 (F-B). clamore: sc. suo. It is a variation on orantes veniam, and is a modal ablative (F-B) (AG 412). Circumst. Abl., “amidst shouting,” not their own merely, but that of the concursus magnus (509), contrasted in any case with the placido pectore (521) with which their leader speaks (Ctn.) (Conway).

Virgil Aeneid 1.507-519 Scansion*

iūră dăb|āt lēg|ēsquĕ || vĭr|īs, ŏpĕr|ūmquĕ lăb|ōrĕm

pārtĭbŭs| aēquāb|āt || iūs|tīs aūt| sōrtĕ trăh|ēbăt:

cūm sŭbĭt|o Aēnē|ās || cōn|cūrsu āc|cēdĕrĕ| māgnō

Ānthĕă| Sērgēs|tūmquĕ || vĭd|ēt fōr|tēmquĕ Clŏ|ānthŭm510

Teūcrōr|ūmque ălĭ|ōs, || āt|ēr quōs| aēquŏrĕ| tūrbō

dīspŭlĕr|āt pĕnĭt|ūsque || ălĭ|ās āv|ēxĕrăt| ōrās.

ōbstĭpŭ|īt sĭmŭl| īpsĕ, || sĭm|ūl pēr|cūssŭs Ăc|hātēs

laētĭtĭ|āquĕ mĕt|ūque; || ăvĭd|ī cōn|iūngĕrĕ| dēxtrās

ārdēb|ānt, sēd| rēs || ănĭm|ōs īn|cōgnĭtă| tūrbăt.515

dīssĭmŭl|ānt ēt| nūbĕ || căv|ā spĕcŭl|āntŭr ăm|īctī

quaē fōr|tūnă vĭr|īs, || clās|sēm quō| lītŏrĕ| līnquānt,

quīd vĕnĭ|ānt; cūn|ctīs || nām| lēctī| nāvĭbŭs| ībānt

ōrān|tēs vĕnĭ|am ēt || tēm|plūm clām|ōrĕ pĕt|ēbānt.

*With acknowledgment and thanks to https:hands-up-education.org/aplatin.html for making this resource available.