2018 ICA Latin 4 Virgil Aeneid 1.1-7 Course Notes

Aeneid I:1-7

Course Notes

P. VERGILI MARONIS AENEIDOS LIBER PRIMVS

Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,               5
inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.

SUGGESTED WORD ORDER

(A)  Cano arma [et] virum, qui, profugus fato, primus venit ab oris Troiae [ad] Italiam [et] Lavinia        

                                                                                   abl cause                                                                   acc place to which

litora. (B)  Ille iactatus multum vi super[or]um [in] terris et alto ob memorem iram saevae Iunionis, et

                                                                abl cause                                  abls of place where

quoque passus multa [in] bello, (C) dum conderet urbem [et] inferret deos Latio, unde [sunt] Latinum

                                                      abl place where       subjs w dum for anticipated action              dative of direction, place to which

genus [et] Albani patres atque moenia altae Romae.  (D) Musa, memora causas mihi, quo numine laeso

                       see hist note 11                                                                           see myth note 12                    abl abs “by what injured majesty”

dolens-ve quid, regina de[or]um impulerit virum insignem pietate volvere tot casus [et] adire tot labors. 

                                                           subj ind q                                  abl resp after insignem

(E) [Sunt]-ne tantae irae caelestibus animis? 

                                         poetic plural          dat poss       

CALDWELL

(A) Arms and a man.  That is my song, about an exile driven by fate from the shores of Troy to Lavinian lands, (B) thrown about on lands and sea by the power of the gods and the unforgetting power of cruel Juno.  He suffered much in war as well, (C) until he could start a city and bring his gods to Latium, and from this came the Latin race, the Alban fathers, and the walls of high Rome.  (D) Muse, tell me why the queen of the gods forced such a good man to undergo so may hardships and endure so many labors.  How was her divinity offended?  What was she grieving about?  (E) How can there be such anger in the minds of the gods? 

Arma virumque cano

 “cano” is first person singular present indicative active of the third conjugation verb cano, canere, cecini, cantum, “to sing.” 

…Troiae qui primus ab oris / Italiam, fato profugus Laviniaque venit / litora--
The first man driven by fate as an exile from the shores of Troy to Italy and the Lavinian coast

fato ablative of cause or means

Italiam & Lavinia litora accusative of place to which

“profugus” is nominative masculine singular of the verbal adjective profugus, profuga, profugum,  “that which flees, has fled, fugitive, banished.” 

“Troiae”: genitive singular of Troia, Troiae, f. ; possessive genitive, “shores of Troy.” 

“qui” is nominative singular of the relative pronoun qui, quae, quod.  “primus” is nominative singular of primus, -a, -um. Agreeing with “qui.”

“ab”:  ablative of place from which.  “oris”:  ablative plural of ora, orae, f. (1^st), “coast, border.” 

 “Italiam”:  accusative of motion toward, Italia, Italiae, f. (1^st).  

“fato”:  ablative of cause, fatum, fati, n. (2^nd).  “Lavinia”:  accusative plural of Lavinius, Lavinia, Lavinium, “Lavinian.” 

“venit” is third person singular perfect indicative active of venio, venire, veni, ventum (4^th).

multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;

terris et alto ablatives of place where

“multum” is neuter accusative singular of multus, multa, multum, qualifying “iactatus.” “iactatus” is nominative masculine singular perfect passive participle of iacto, iactare, iactavi, iactatum; construe with “ille.” 

“ille”:  nominative masculine singular of the demonstrative pronoun ille, illa, illud; in apposition to “qui.” 

“terris”:  locative ablative of terra, terrae, f. (1^st).  

“alto” is ablative singular of altum, alti, n. (2d).

“vi”: ablative singular of vis, f. (3^rd). =”strength, force.” 

 “superum” archaic alternative of genitive plural “superorum,” of the adjective superus, supera, superum, lit., “higher,” in masculine plural =”gods.”  

 “saevus”: genitive singular of saevus, saeva, saevum (1^st/2^nd), “furious, barbarous, cruel, savage”; construe with “Iuonis.”  

 “Iuonis”: genitive of Iuno.

“iram”:  accusative singular of ira, irae, f., “wrath.” 

multa quoque et bello passus…

bello ablative of place where

 “multa” is accusative plural of multus, multa, multum; construe with “passus.”  “passus”:  perfect participle of the deponent verb patior, pati, passus sum (3^rd), “to suffer, endure.”  “bello”: ablative singular of bellum, belli, n. (2^nd).

“quoque”:  postpositive conjunction. 

                         …dum conderet urbem,               5
inferretque deos Latio,

conderet…inferret subjunctives with dum for anticipated action

Latio dative of direction, place to which

“dum”:  temporal conjunction, “while” or “until”; here the latter reading is preferable, and dum=until usually takes the subjunctive, cf. “conderet” and “inferret.”  “conderet” is third person singular imperfect subjunctive active of condo, condere, condidi, conditum, “establish, build, construct.”  “inferret” is third perfect singular imperfect subjunctive active of infero, inferre, intuli, illatum.  “deos” is accusative plural of deus, dei, m. (2^nd). “Latio”=dative singular of Latium, Latii, n.

…genus unde Latinum,
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.

“genus” is nominative singular of genus, generis, n. (3^rd). “unde”=conjunctive adverb, “whence.” 

 “Latinum” is nominative singular neuter of the adjective Latinus, Latina, Latinum. 

“Albani” is masculine nominative plural of Albanus, Albana, Albanum. 

“patres” is nominative plural of pater, patris, m. (3^rd). 

“altae” is feminine genitive singular of the adjective altus, alta, altum.  

“moenia” is nominative plural of moenia, moenium, n. (no singular), “defensive walls, battlements.”  atque=emphatic conjunction throwing a dramatic spotlight on Rome. 

Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores               10
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?

Musa, mihi causas memora

 “memora” is second person singular present active imperative of memoro, memorare, memoravi, memoratum (1^st), “to remind, tell, recount.” 

“Musa” is vocative singular of musa, musae, f. (1^st). “mihi” is dative singular of the pronoun ego, mei (irregular).  “causas” is accusative plural of causa, causae, f. (1^st), “cause, reason, motive.” 

… quo numine laeso,
quidve dolens,…

 “laeso” is perfect passive participle (in ablative absolute construction) of laedo, laedere, laesi, laesus, “to injure, displease, offend.” “dolens” is present participle of doleo, dolere, dolui, dolitum (2^nd), “to grieve, to suffer.”

“quo” is ablative singular of qui, quae, quod.  “numine” is ablative singular of numen, numinis, n.(3^rd), “divine presence.”  “quid” is the neuter singular form of the interrogative pronoun quis, quae, quid.  “-ve”:  post-positive particle= “or.”

…regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores               10
impulerit… 

“volvere,” controlled by “impulerit,” is present infinitive of volvo, volere, volui, volutus, “to roll, turn around, undergo.”  “adire,” also controlled by “impulerit,” is present infinitive of adeo, adire, adivi, aditum (irregular), “go to, approach.” “impulerit” is third person singular perfect subjunctive active of impello, impellere, impuli, impulsum (3^rd), “drive on, push”; subjunctive of indirect question.

“regina,” the subject of “impulerit,” is nominative singular of regina, reginae (1^st), “queen.”  “deum” is the alternative contracted form of the genitive plural of deus, dei, m. (2^nd), “god.”  “tot” is an indeclinable adjective = “so many.”  “casus” is accusative plural of casus, casus, m., “misfortune.”  “insignem” is masculine singular accusative of the adjective insignis, insigne (3^rd), “marked, notable, standing out.” “pietate” is ablative singular of pietas, pietatis, f. (3^rd), “pious, dutiful, loyal.”  “virum”is accusative singular of vir, viri, m. (2^nd).   “labores” is accusative plural of labor, laboris, m. (3^rd).   

                        Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?

“Tantae” is feminine nominative plural of the adjective tantus, tanta, tantum, “so great.”  “-ne” is a postpositive interrogative particle.  “animis” is dative plural of animus, animi, m. (2^nd). “caelestibus” is dative plural of the adjective caelestis, caeleste, “heavenly.”  “irae” is nominative plural of ira, irae, f. (1^st)., “wrath, anger.”