Latin
III
Evangelium
Secundum Marcum
Instructor: James Ransom
September
27, 2013
Mark 2:12-20
12 Et surrexit et protinus
sublato grabato abiit coram omnibus, ita ut admirarentur omnes et glorificarent
Deum dicentes: “Numquam sic vidimus!”
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2:12 Et surrexit et protinus sublato…abiit
He arose, and immediately after he had taken up…he walked out; “surrexit” is third person singular
perfect active indicative of surgo, surgere, surrexi, surrectum. “sublato” is the passive perfect participle
of tollo,
tollere, sustuli, sublatum. “abiit” is third person singular perfect
active indicative of abeo, abire, abii, abitum. coram omnibus
in the sight of all; “coram” is
an adverb meaning “publically, openly.”
“omnibus” is ablative plural of the third declension adjective omnis,
omne, n. ita ut admirarentur omnes
et glorificarent Deum dicentes so
that all were amazed and continually glorified God, saying; “ita ut”
introduces the purpose clause (which sometimes merges into a result clause, as
here), which takes the subjunctive. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/UtClauses.pdf.
“admirarentur” is third person plural imperfect subjunctive of (ad-)
miror, mirari, miratus sum, “wonder, be amazed.” “glorificarent” is
third person plural imperfect subjunctive of glorifico, glorificar. “omnes,” the substantive subject, is third
personal plural accusative of omnis, omne, n. “dicentes” is
present active participle of dico, dicere, dixi, dictum. “Numquam sic vidimus!” We never saw anything like this! “Numquam” is an adverb meaning “at no time,
never.” “vidimus” is first person plural
perfect active indicative of video, videre, vidi, visum.
13 Et egressus est rursus
ad mare; omnisque turba veniebat ad eum, et docebat eos. 14 Et cum praeteriret, vidit Levin Alphaei
sedentem ad teloneum et ait illi:
“Sequere me.” Et surgens secutus
est eum.
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2:13 Et egressus est rursus ad mare and He went out
again to the seaside;
“egressus est” is third person singular perfect active indicative of the
deponent verb egredior, egredi, egressus sum. Deponent verbs have passive
forms but active meanings. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Deponent.pdf. “rursus” is an adverb with
several senses, here meaning “again.” omnisque turba veniebat ad eum and the whole crowd came to him; “que,”
meaning “and,” is frequently post-positive.
“turba” is nominative singular of the first declension noun turba,
turbae, f. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Declension123.pdf. “veniebat” is third person
singular imperfect indicative active of venio, venire, veni, ventum. “eum” is accusative singular of the
personal pronoun is, ea, id. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/PersonalPronouns.pdf
“docebat” is
third personal singular imperfect active indicative of doce, docere, docui, doctum. The imperfect tense denotes progressive,
continued, or repeated action in past time.
2:14 Et cum praeteriret And when he was
passing by; the
preposition “cum” has temporal force here. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/bennett.html#sect288
“praeteriret”
is third person singular perfect active indicative of praetereo, praeterire,
praeterivi, praeteritum, “to pass by.”
vidit Levin Alphaei He saw Levi the son of Alphaeus; i.e.,
Matthew; cf. Mat. 9:9. sedentem at teloneum sitting at the tax collection office;
“sedentem” is the accusative masculine singular participle of sedeo,
sedere, sedi, sessum. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Participles.pdf
“teloneum”
is the accusative of the second declension noun teloneum telonei, m. et ait illi:
“Sequere me.” “Sequere” is
the imperative of sequor, sequi, secutus sum. Et
surgens secutus est eum And rising
up, he followed Him. “surgens” is
present active participle of surgo, surgere, surrexi, surrectum. “secutus est” is third person singular
present active indicative of the deponent verb sequor, sequi, secutus sum. Deponent verbs have passive forms but active
meanings. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/bennett.html#sect112 “eum” is accusative singular of
the personal pronoun is, ea, id.
15 Et factum est cum accumberet in domo
illius, et multi publicani et peccatores simul discumbebant cum Iesu et
discipulis eius, erant enim multi et sequebantur eum.
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2:15 Et factum est And it came to pass; the Latin translation of the
Greek Καὶ γίνεται is
sometimes omitted in modern versions.
“factum est” is the third person singular passive indicative of facio,
facere, feci, factum. Cum accumberet as he reclined at a meal in his house; “accumberet” is the third
person singular imperfect subjunctive of accumbo, accumbare, accumbui, accubitum. Note the use of cum + subjunctive to achieve temporal force. in
domo illius in his house; the
referent of “illius” is unclear. Luke
5:29 states that it was the house of Matthew (“et fecit ei convivium magnum
Levi in domo sua”).
et
multi publicani et peccatores and many publicans and sinners; “publicani” is nominative
plural of the second declension noun publicanus, publicana, publicanum. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Declension2.pdf “peccatores”
is nominative plural of the third declension noun peccator, peccatoris, m. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Declension3.pdf
simul discumbebant cum Iesu et
discipulis eius were sitting with Jesus and his
disciples;
“discumbebant” is the third-person plural
imperfect active indicative
of discumbo,
discumbere, discubui, discubitum,
“to recline at table (to eat).” “cum
Iesu”: With meaning
together with, denoting accompaniment, is expressed by cum with the ablative. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/ablative3.pdf
erant enim multi et sequebantur
eum for many had also followed Him. The conjunction “enim,” typically
post-positive, means “for, “indeed,” truly,” and is frequently omitted in
translation. “et” here means
“also.” “sequebantur” is third person
plural imperfect indicative active of sequir, sequi, secutus sum.
16 Et scribae
pharisaeorum, videntes quia manducaret cum peccatoribus et publicanis, dicebant
discipulis eius: “Quare cum publicanis
et peccatoribus manducat?” 17 Et
Iesus hoc audito ait illis: “Non necesse
habent sani medicum, set qui male habent; non veni vocare iustos, sed
peccatores.”
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2:16 Et scribae pharisaeorum
“And the scribes of the pharisees”; the genitive is probably
partitive. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/CaseUse.pdf Douay’s “And the scribes and the Pharisees”
is based on a different manuscript tradition.
videntes quia manducaret cum
peccatoribus et publicanis seeing
that he ate with publicans and sinners; “videntes” is a circumstantial
participle. Note that “cum” again takes
the ablative. Dicebant discipulis eius were
saying to his disciples; “dicebant” is third person plural imperfect active
indicative of dico, dicere, dixi, dictum.
The imperfect denotes
progressive and repeated action. The
imperfect used of speech is durative. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/imperfect.pdf “discipulus eius”: the form is the dative of indirect object. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/bennett.html#sect186. “Quare
cum publicanis et peccatoribus manducat?”
“Quare” is an interrogative adverb.
“manducat” is third person singular present active indicative of manduco,
manducare, “to eat.”
2:17 Et Iesus hoc audito ait illis:
And Jesus, having overheard this,
said to them:;
“ait” is a historical present. “audito” is the perfect passive participle of
the fourth conjugation verb audio, audire, audivi, auditum. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Conjugation4.pdf “Non necesse
habent sani medicum, sed qui male habent;…” those who are well have no need for a doctor, but they that are sick;
“necesse” is an indeclinable adverb used only with esse and habere. The adjective sanus,
-a, -um here takes the genitive. “medicum” is accusative singular of the
second declension noun medicus,
medici, m. “habent” is present active participle of habeo, habere, habui, habitum.
18 Et erant discipuli Ioannis et pharisaei
ieiunantes. Et veniunt et dicunt
illi: “Cur discipuli Ioannis et
discipuli pharisaeorum ieiunant, tui autem discipuli non ieiunant?”
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2:18 erant…ieiunantes were
accustomed to fast; the construction of the imperfect of sum and the present active participle
of ieiuno combine to form the
imperfect tense. The imperfect shows
action in the past that is continuing and customary (cf. Douay’s “used to
fast”). Et veniunt et dicunt they
came and said; the verbs, impersonal third person plurals, are historical
presents and introduce direct discourse. illi
to him; dative of indirect
object. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/CaseUse.pdf Cur
discipuli Ioannis et discipuli pharisaeorum ieiunant Why do the disciples of John and the Pharisees fast; Cur is an interrogatory adverb. Adverbs do not decline in Latin. “ieiunant”
is third personal plural present indicative active of the first conjugation
verb ieiuno,
ieiunare,ieiunavi, ieiunatum. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Conjugation12.pdf “discipuli Ioannis” and “discipuli
pharisaeorum” are possessive genitives. tui autem discipuli non ieiunant? but your disciples do not fast?; “autem”
is contrastive. “tui” is genitive
singular of the irregularly declining pronoun tu, tui. http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tu#Latin
19 Et ait illis Iesus: “Numquid possunt
convivae nuptiarum, quamdiu sponsus cum illis est, ieiunare? Quanto tempore habent secum sponsum, non
possunt ieiunare; 20 venient autem
dies cum auferetur ab eis sponsus, et tunc ieiunabunt in illa die.
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2:19 Et ait illis Iesus: And
Jesus said to them;
dative of indirect object. Numquid possunt convivae
nuptiarum…ieiunare? the guests of the
bridal chamber cannot fast, can they;
“numquid,” the negative interrogative particle, is used when a negative
answer is expected. “possunt” is third person plural present indicative active
of the irregular verb possum, posse, potui. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/IrregularVerbs.pdf
“ieiunare” is a complementary infinitive, completing the sense of the
verb “possunt.” “convivae” refers to guests of the bridegroom (cf. Greek οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος [and the reading filii in some Latin manuscripts]), “young men of the wedding hall,” the
bridegroom’s attendants. “convivae” is genitive
singular of the first declension noun conviva, convivae,m. quamdiu sponsus cum
illis est while the bridegroom is
with them; “quamdiu” is an adverb meaning “as long as, during.” “sponsus” is nominative singular of the
second declension noun sponsus, sponsi, m. “illis” is dative plural of the
demonstrative pronoun ille, illa, illud. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/DemonstrativePronouns.pdf
Quanto tempore habent secum
sponsum, non possunt ieiunare As long as they have the
bridegroom with them, they cannot fast;
“quanto tempore”=” “for as long as”; ablative of time. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/ablative3.pdf
2:20 venient autem dies cum auferetur ab eis sponsus but
the day will come when the bridegroom shall be taken away from them; “venient” is third person
plural future indicative active of venio, venire, veni, ventum. “cum” has temporal force here; translate “when.” “auferetur” is third person singular future
passive indicative of the irregular verb (au)-fero, ferre, tuli, latum, “to
take away.” “ab eis”=“from them”; “eis”
is dative plural of the demonstrative pronoun ille, illa, illud. “Many verbs of taking away and the like
take the dative [of separation] (especially of a person) instead of the
ablative of separation.” Allen &
Greenough’s New Latin Grammar 381. http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~silver/AG/ag-dat.html
et tunc ieiunabunt in illa die and then they shall fast in that day; the adverb “tunc” means
“then; from that time on.” “ieiunabunt”
is third person plural future indicative active of the first conjugation verb ieiuno,
ieiunare,ieiunavi, ieiunatum.
“illa” is feminine ablative singular, in agreement with “die.” [Douay’s “in those days” renders an earlier
manuscript tradition.] “die” is ablative singular of the fifth declension noun dies,
diei, m./f.
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