Aeneid 1:81-91 Course Notes

Latin IV:  Vergil, Aeneid

Instructor:  James Ransom

June 7, 2014

Aeneid 1:81-91

Course Notes
© 2014 James Ransom, M.A., J.D.

Haec ubi dicta, cavum conversa cuspide montem
impulit in latus: ac venti, velut agmine facto,
qua data porta, ruunt et terras turbine perflant.
Incubuere mari, totumque a sedibus imis
una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis               85
Africus, et vastos volvunt ad litora fluctus.
Insequitur clamorque virum stridorque rudentum.
Eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque
Teucrorum ex oculis; ponto nox incubat atra.
Intonuere poli, et crebris micat ignibus aether,               90
praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.

Haec ubi dicta, cavum conversa cuspide montem
impulit in latus:…

“Haec” is nominative plural neuter of the demonstrative pronoun hic, haec, hoc.  “ubi”: temporal conjunction.  “dicta” is perfect passive participle of dico, dicere, dixi, dictum (3^rd).  The adjective “cavum” is accusative singular masculine of cavus, cava, cavum, “hollow.” “conversa” is ablative of the perfect passive participle of converto, convertere, conversi, conversum (3^rd), “turn, turn towards.” “cuspide” is ablative singular of cuspis, cuspidis, f. (3^rd), “spear.”  “montem” is accusative singular of mons, montis, m. (3^rd). 

“impulit” is third person singular perfect indicative active of impello, impellere, impuli, impulsum (3^rd), “drive on, push; strike.”  “in”=preposition + accusative, i.e. “latus.”  “latus” is accusative singular of latus, lateris, n. (3^rd), “side.”    

                             …ac venti, velut agmine facto,
qua data porta, ruunt et terras turbine perflant.

“ac”=copulative conjunction.  “venti” is nominative plural of ventus, venti, m. (2^nd).  The comparative adverb “velut”=”just as.””agmine” is ablative singular of agmen, agminis, n. (3^rd), “army on line of march.”  “facto” is perfect participle of fio, fieri, factum sum, passive of facio, facere, feci, factum. 

“qua”=adverb of place or manner.  “data”  is perfect passive participle of do, dare, dedi, datum.  “porta” is nominative singular of porta, portae, f. (1^st), “gate.”  “ruunt” is third person plural present indicative active of ruo, ruere, rui, rutum, “to rush, cause to rush, drive.”  “et”: copulative.  “terras” is accusative plural of terra, terrae, f. (1^st).  “turbine” is ablative singular of turbo, turbinis, m. (3^rd), “whirlwind.”  “perflant” is third person plural present indicative active of perflo, perflare, perflavi, perflatum, (1^st), “to blow through.”   

Incubuere mari, totumque a sedibus imis
una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis               85
Africus, et vastos volvunt ad litora fluctus.

“incubuere” is third person plural perfect indicative active of incubo, incubare, incubui, incubitum (1st), “to lie upon, brood over.”  “mari” is dative singular of mare, maris, n. (3^rd).  “totum” is accusative singular of the adjective totus, tota, totum. “a sedibus”=ablative of place from which. “sedibus” is ablative plural of sedes, sedis, f. (3^rd), “seat, abode.”  “imis” is ablative plural feminine of the adjective imus, ima, imum, “lowest.” 

“una” is ablative singular of unus, una, unum.  “Eurus”= “East Wind.”  “Notus”= “South Wind.  “ruunt” is third person plural present indicative active of ruo, ruere, rui, rutum.  The adjective “creber” is nominative singular masculine of creber, crebra, crebrum, “frequent.”  “procellis” is ablative plural of procella, procellae, f. (1^st), “tempest.” 

“Africus”= “Southwest Wind.”  “et”: copulative.  The adjective “vastos” is accusative plural masculine of vastus, vasta, vastum, “huge, vast.”  “volvunt” is third person plural perfect indicative active of volvo, volvere, volvi, volutum (3^rd), “to roll.”  “ad”:  preposition + accusative, here “litora.”  “litora” is accusative plural of litus, litoris, n. (3^rd),  “shore.”  “fluctus” is accusative plural of fluctus, fluctus, m. (4^th), “wave.”   

Insequitur clamorque virum stridorque rudentum.
Eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque
Teucrorum ex oculis;…

“Insequitur” is third person singular present indicative of the deponent insequor, insequi, insecutus sum, “to follow.”  “clamor” is nominative singular of clamor, clamoris, m. (3^rd), “shout.”  “virum” is the contracted form of the genitive plural of vir, viri, m. (2^nd).  “stridor” is nominative singular of stridor, stridoris, m (3^rd), “creaking, rattling.”  “-que…-que” joins “clamor” and “stridor.”  “rudentum” is genitive plural of rudens, rudentis, m. (3^rd), “cable.”

“Eripiunt” is third person plural present indicative active of eripio, eripere, eripui, ereptum (3^rd), “to snatch away.”  The adverb “subito” = “suddenly.”  “nubes” is nominative plural of nubes, nubis, f. (3^rd), “cloud.”  “caelum” is accusative singular of caelum, caeli, m. (2^nd), “heaven.”  “diem” is accusative singular of dies, diei, m. (sometimes feminine in singular), “day.” 

“Teucrorum” is genitive plural of Teucri, Teucrorum, m. (2^nd), “the Trojans.”  “ex oculis”= “from the eyes [of the Trojans]”; “ex”+ablative= “from”;  “oculis” is ablative plural of oculus, oculi, m. (2^nd), “eye.”

ponto nox incubat atra.
Intonuere poli, et crebris micat ignibus aether,               90
praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.

“ponto” is dative singular of pontus, ponti, m. (2^nd), “sea.” “nox” is nominative singular of nox, noctis, f. (3^rd).  “incubat” is third person singular present indicative active of incubo, incubare, incubavi, incubatum.  The adjective “atra” is nominative singular feminine of  ater, atra, atrum, “black, gloomy.”

“Intonuere” is third person plural perfect indicative active of intono, intonare, intonnui (1^st), “to thunder.” “poli” is nominative plural of polus, poli, m. (3^rd), “the pole, heaven.” “et”: copulative, joining “intonuere” and “micat.”  The adjective “crebris” is ablative plural masculine of creber, crebra, crebrum, “frequent.”  “micat” is third person singular present indicative active of mico, micare, micui (1^st), “to move quickly back and forth; to glitter.”  “ignibus” is ablative plural of ignis, ignis, m. (3^rd), “fire; lightning.”  “aether” is nominative singular of aether, aetheris, m. (3^rd), “the bright upper air, ether.” 

The adjective “praesentem” is accusative singular feminine of praesens, praesentis, f. (3^rd), “present, immediate.” “viris” is dative plural of vir, viri, m. (2^nd).  “intentant” is third person plural present indicative active of intento, intentare, intentavi, intentatum (1^st), “to threaten, direct against.”  The adjective “omnia” is nominative plural of omnis, omne, “all.”  “mortem” is accusative singular of mors, mortis, f. (3^rd), “death.”