Thursday, March 27, 2014

Wheelock 26 Comparison of Adjectives and Ablative of Comparison One Page Outline


Wheelock 26 Comparision of Adjectives; Ablative of Comparison
One Page Outline
         POSITIVE DEGREE
·       Adjective forms learned thus far:
o    Basic characteristic, such as
·       Quality, or
·       Quantity
§  Plus
·       The modified noun
o   vir beatus, “a happy man.”
·       This form of adjective is known as an adjective of the positive degree
COMPARATIVE DEGREE
·       In Latin, as in Engish, an adjective may be “compared”
o   To indicate whether a person or thing being described has
§   a greater degree of a particular characteristic than some other person or thing, or
§  more than is usual or customary.
o   When comparing a person/thing with just one other, the comparative degree is used
§  vir beatior, “the happier man”
SUPERLATIVE DEGREE
o   WHEN comparing with 2 or more others, the superlative degree is employed
§  vir beatissimus, “the happiest man”
FORMATION OF COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
·       The form of the positive degree is learned from the vocabulary
·       The comparative and superlative forms add suffixes to the base of the positive
·       Comparative
o   Base + -ior (m&f) –ius (n); -ioris (gen)
·       Superlative
o   Base + -issimus, -issima, -issimum
POSITIVE
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
carus, -a, -um
carior, -ius
carissimus, -a, -um
longus, -a, -um
longior, -ius
longissimus, -a, -um
fortis, -e
fortior, ius
fortissimus, -a, -um
·       Some adjectives are compared by adding magis and maxime to the positive
o   idoneus –a –um
§  magis idoneus
§  maxime idoneus
DECLENSION OF COMPARATIVES
·       Declension of superlatives follows pattern of magnus, -a, -um
·       Declension of comparatives
o   2-ending adjectives of 3rd declension
§  not i-stems
·       i.e., they do not have
o   –i ablative singular
o   –ium genitive plural
o   –ia neuter nominative and accusative plural

Singular
M&F
Singular
N
Plural
M&F
Plural
N
N
fortior
fortius
fortiores
fortiora
G
fortioris
fortioris
fortiorum
fortiorum
D
Fortiori
Fortiori
fortioribus
fortioribus
Ac
Fortiorem
Fortius
fortiores
fortiora
Ab
Fortiore
Fortiore
fortioribus
fortioribus
QUAM WITH COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
·       When quam follows a comparative degree adjectives = “than”:  Hi libri sunt clariores quam illi; Dicit hos libros esse clariores  quam illos
·       When quam precedes a superlative, it functions adverbially and =greatest possibe degree of a particular quality:  Amicus meus erat vir quam iucundissimus
ABLATIVE OF COMPARISON
·       When first element compared nominative or accusative omit quam and second element in ablative:  Consilia tua sunt clariora luce; quis in Italia erat clarior Cicerone; Paucos feliciores patre tuo vidi.

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