Aeneid 1:92-101 Course Notes

Latin IV:  Virgil, Aeneid

Instructor:  James Ransom

June 8, 2014

Aeneid 1:92-101

Course Notes

© 2014 James Ransom, M.A., J.D. 

Extemplo Aeneae solvuntur frigore membra:
ingemit, et duplicis tendens ad sidera palmas
talia voce refert: 'O terque quaterque beati,
quis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis               95
contigit oppetere! O Danaum fortissime gentis
Tydide! Mene Iliacis occumbere campis
non potuisse, tuaque animam hanc effundere dextra,
saevus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector, ubi ingens
Sarpedon, ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis               100
scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit?'

Extemplo Aeneae solvuntur frigore membra:

“Extemplo”:  indeclinable adverb of time, “immediately, forthwith.” “Aeneae” is genitive singular of Aeneas, Aeneae, m. (1^st).  “solvuntur” is third person plural present indicative active of solvo, solvere, solvi, solutum, (3^rd), “to unloose, relax, dispel.” “frigore” is ablative singular of frigus, frigoris, n. (3^rd), “cold.” “membra” is nominative plural of membrum, membri, n. (2^nd), “limb.”

ingemit, et duplicis tendens ad sidera palmas
talia voce refert:…

“ingemit” is third person singular present indicative active of ingemo, ingemere, ingemui, “to groan.”  “et”:  copulative, joining “ingemit” and “refert.” The adjective  “duplicis” is accusative plural feminine of duplex, duplicis, f. (3^rd), “two-fold, double.”  “tendens” is present participle of tendo, tendere, tetendi, tensum (3^rd), “to stretch, strive.”  “ad”=preposition + accusative, here “sidera.”  “sidera” is accusative plural of sidus, sideris, n. (3^rd), “star, constellation.” “palmas” is accusative plural of palma, palmae, f. (1^st), “palm (of the hand).”

The adjective “talia” is  accusative plural of talis, tale, “of such kind, such.”  “voce” is ablative singular of vox, vocis, f. (3^rd).  “refert” is third person singular present indicative active of refero, referre, retuli, relatum, “to carry or take back; relate.”

'O terque quaterque beati,
quis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis               95
contigit oppetere!

“O”=interjection.  “terque quaterque”=”three times, no—four times!”  Numeral adverbs joined by “que.”  The adjective “beati” is vocative plural masculine of beatus, beata, beatum, “happy.” 

“quis” is dative plural of the relative pronoun quis, quae, quod. “ante”: preposition +accusative, here “ora.”   “ora” is  accusative plural of os, ora, n. (3^rd), “face; mouth.”  “patrum” is genitive plural of pater, patris, m. (3^rd), “father.”  “Troiae” is genitive singular of Troia, Troiae, f. (1^st).  “sub”=preposition + ablative, here “moenibus.”  “moenibus” is ablative plural of moenia, moenium, n. (3^rd) (no singular), “walls, a fortress.” The adjective “altis” is ablative plural neuter of altus, alta, altum. 

“contigit” is third person singular perfect indicative active of contingo, contingere, contigi, contactum, (3^rd), “touch.”  “oppetere” is present infinitive of oppeto, oppetere, oppetivi, oppetitum (3^rd), “to go to seek.”

O Danaum fortissime gentis
Tydide!..

“O”=exclamation.  “Danaum” is the contracted form of the genitive plural of Danai, Danaorum, m. (2^nd), “the Greeks.” The superlative adjective  “fortissime” is vocative singular masculine of fortissimus, fortissima, fortissimum (3^rd), “strongest, bravest.”  “gentis” is genitive singular of gens, gentis, f. (3^rd), “race, people, family.”

 “Tydide” is vocative singular of Tydides, Tydidae, m. (1^st), “son of Tydides”=Diomedes, a 

leading Greek commander during the Trojan War. 

                           …Mene Iliacis occumbere campis
non potuisse tuaque animam hanc effundere dextra,

“mene”=”me”+”ne.” “me” is accusative singular of ego, mei (irregular).  “ne” is a negative interrogative particle.  The adjective “Iliacis” is ablative plural masculine of Iliacus, Iliaca, Iliacum, “of or belonging to Troy.”  “occumbere” is present infinitive of occumbo, occumbere, occubui, occubitum (3^rd), “to fall, to fall in battle.”  “campis” is ablative plural of campus, campi, m. (2^nd), “field (of battle); plain.” 

The negative adverb “non” = “not.” “potuisse” is perfect infinitive of possum, posse, potui. 

                   

“tua” is ablative singular feminine of the possessive pronominal second person adjective  tuus, tua, tuum, “your.”  Postpositive “-que” joins “tua” and “dextra.”  “animam” is accusative singular of anima, animae, f. (1^st), “breath, life.”  The near demonstrative adjective “hanc” is accusative singular feminine of hic, haec, hoc.  Thus “animam hanc”=  “this soul”= “my soul.” “effundere” is present infinitive of effundo, effundere, effudi, effusum, “to pour forth.”  “dextra (or dextera) ” is ablative singular of dext[e]ra, dext[e]rae, f. (1^st), “right hand.”  Agrees with “tua.”

saevus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector, ubi ingens
Sarpedon, ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis               100
scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit?'

The adjective “saevus,” modifying “Hector,” is nominative singular masculine of saevus, saeva, m. (1^st/2^nd), “cruel, savage.”  The adverb “ubi”= “where, when.”  “Aeacidae” is genitive singular of Aeacides, Aeacidae, m. (1^st), = “Achilles (grandson of Aeacides).”  “telo” is ablative singular of telum, teli, m. (2^nd), “javelin.”  “iacet” is third person singular present indicative active of iaceo, iacere, iacui, iacitum,  “to lie down, to lie killed in battle.”  “Hector” is nominative singular of Hector, Hectoris, m., “Hector,” the bravest Trojan leader and son of Priam, the King of Troy.  “ubi”:  the repetition “ubi…ubi…ubi…”=anaphora.  The adjective “ingens” is nominative singular of ingens, ingentis (3^rd), “huge.” 

“Sarpedon” is nominative singular of Sarpedon, Sarpedonis, m. (3^rd), “Sarpedon,” leader of the Lycian contingent fighting on the Trojan side.  The indeclinable adjective “tot” = “so many”; modifies “scuta” in the next line.  “Simois” is nominative singular of Simois, Simoientis, m. (3^rd).  The Simois was a river that flowed near Troy.  “correpta” is perfect passive participle of corripio, corripere, corripui, correptum (3^rd), “to seize, to snatch up.”  “sub”= preposition + ablative, here “undis.”  “undis” is ablative plural of unda, undae, f (1^st), “wave.” 

“scuta” is accusative plural of scutum, scuti, n. (2^nd), “shield.”  “virum” is the contracted form of the genitive plural of vir, viri, m. (2^nd).  “galeas” is accusative plural of galea, galeae, f. (1^st), “helmet.”  “-que” links “scuta” and “galeas.”  The copulative “et” links “galeas” and “corpora.”  The adjective “fortia” is accusative plural neuter of fortis, forte, n. (3^rd), “brave.”  “corpora” is accusative plural of corpus, corporis, n. (3^rd), “body.”  “volvit” is third person singular present indicative active of volvo, volvere, volvi, volutum (3^rd), “to roll; to ponder.”