1 Et iterum intravit Capharnaum post
dies, et auditum est quod in domo esset.
Et iterum intravit Capharnaum post
dies and several days after He had entered Capharnaum; The adverb “iterum”
= “again; a second time.” “intravit” is
third person singular perfect indicative active of intro, intrare, intravi, intratum (1), “to enter, go into;
penetrate.” “Capharnaum” is indeclinable; biblical town in Galilee. The prepostion “post” + accusative = “afterwards,
after.” “dies” is accusative plural of dies, diei m. (5), “day.” “auditum est” is third person singular
perfect indicative passive of audio,
audire, audivi, auditum (4), “to hear, listen.” Impersonal: it was
heard that he was in the house Introduces direct discourse with the
subornidating conjunction “quod.” “in
domo”: the house is probably that of
Simon and Andrew (cf. 1.29). Idiomatically:
“at home.” Locative ablative cf.
AG §421
“Locative ablative:
Some
meanings of the ablative descend from the Proto-Indo-European locative case.
Ablative of place where marks a location where an action
occurred. It usually appears with a preposition, such as in, but
not always; e.g., hōc locō "in this place"[“
“esset” is third person
singular imperfect indicative active of sum,
esse, fui, futurus
2 Et convenerunt multi, ita ut non
amplius caperentur neque ad ianuam, et loquebatur eis verbum.
And many gathered “convenerunt” is third person plural perfect indicative active of convenio, convenire, conveni, conventum
(4), “to meet, gather together.” The
adjective “multi,” here functioning substantively as the nominative subject of “convenerunt,”
is masculine nominative plural of multus,
multa, multum.
so that not even the area near the door had room. The adverb “ita,” coupled with “ut,” = “so that;
such that.” Introduces result clause in
the subjunctive. “amplius” is a variant
of the adjective amplus, ampla, amplum,
“spacious, roomy.” Negatived by the
particle “non.” “caperentur” is third
person plural imperfect passive subjunctive of capio, capere, cepe, captum, “to seize; hold, take in.” The
conjunction “neque” = “and also not…”; “and
not even…” The preposition “ad” + accusative = “at.” “ianuam” is accusative
singular of ianua, ianuae f. “door.”
and he was teaching them the word
[literally, “he was speaking the word
to them]. “loquebatur” is third person
singular imperfect indicative active of the deponent loquor, loqui, locutus sum.
“eis” is masculine dative plural of is, ea, id. “verbum” is
accusative singular of verbum, verbi
n. (2), “word.”
3 Et veniunt ferentes ad eum paralyticum,
qui a quattuor portabatur.
And some people came, bringing to him a paralytic
borne by four [attendants]. “veniunt” is third person plural present
indicative active of venio, venire,
veni, ventum, “to come; approach.”
Indefinite plural; but cf. Luke 5.18 “viri.” “ferentes” is nominative
masculine plural of the present participle of fero, ferre, tuli, latum (3 irr.), “to bear, carry.” The preposition “ad” + accusative = “to.” “eum” is masculine accusative singular of is, ea, id. The adjective “paralyticum” is masculine accusative
singular of paralyticus, paralytica,
paralyticum, “paralyzed, paralytic; palsied.” The preposition “a” may be translated “by.” “quattuor” is an indeclinable numeral. “portabatur” is third person singular
imperfect indicative passive of porto,
portare, portavi, portatum.
4 Et cum non possent offerre eum ille
prae turba, nudaverunt tectum, ubi erat, et patefacientes submiserunt grabatum,
in quo paralyticus iacebat.
And since they were not able to bring him [to Jesus]
because of the crowd, they poked a hole in the roof over where he lay, and
having dug through the roof, they lowered the mat on which the paralyzed mat
was lying; “cum” introduces the causal
subjunctive clause. “possent” is third
person plural imperfect subjunctive active of possum, posse, potui. “offere”
is present infinitive of offero,
offere, obtuli, oblatum, “to bring before; present.” “eum” is masculine accusative singular of is, ea, id. “ille” is masculine nominative singular of ille, illa, illud. The preposition “prae” + ablative = “because
of.” “turba” is ablative singular of turba, turbae f. (1), “crowd,throng.”
“nudaverunt” is third person
plural perfect indicative active of nudo,
nudare, nudavi, nudatum (1), “to uncover; strip, bare.” “tectum” is accusative singular of tectum, tecti n. (2), “roof.” The
adverb “ubi” = “where.” “erat” is third
person singular imperfect indicative active of sum, esse, fui, futurus. “patefacientes” is masculine
nominative plural of pate-facio,
-facere, -feci, -factum (3 –io
var.), “to throw open.” “submiserunt”
is third person plural perfect indicative active of sub-mitto, -mittere, -misi, -missum, “to place underneath.” “grabatum” is accusative singular of grabatus, grabati m. “pallet, cot.” The
adjective “paralyticus,” here used as substantive nominative subject of “iacebat”,
is masculine nominative singular of paralyticus, paralytica, paralyticum,
“paralyzed, paralytic; palsied.” “iacebat” is third person singular imperfect
indicative active of iaceo, iacere,
iacui, iacitum (2),
“to lie prostrate; recline.” [From Proto-Italic *jakēō. Stative counterpart
of iacio (“to throw”).
The meaning must have shifted from “I am thrown down” to “I lie”.]
5 Cum
vidisset autem Iesus fidem illorum, ait paralytico: “Fili, dimittuntur peccata tua.”
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2:5 Cum
vidisset autem Iesus fidem illorum When Jesus had seen their
faith; “vidisset” is third person singular pluperfect active subjunctive of
video,videre, vidi, visum.
When a general set of circumstances is referred to, rather than a
time-specific action, a subjunctive verb is used following the conjunction
“cum.” “cum” is still translated as
“when.” “fidem” is accusative singular
of the fifth declension noun fides, fidei, f. “illorum” is genitive plural of the
demonstrative pronoun ille, illa, illud. ait paralytico: he said to the
paralytic; “ait” is third person present indicative active of the defective
verb aio, “say, affirm.”
“paralytico” is dative singular of the second declension noun paralyticus,
paralytici, m. “Fili, dimittuntur
peccata tua” Son, your sins are forgiven you; “dimittuntur” is third
person plural present indicative passive of dimitto, dimittere, dimissi,
dimissum, “discharge, dismiss, release.” “peccata” is nominative plural of the second
declension noun peccatum, peccati, m.
“Fili” is vocative singular of the second declension noun filius,
filii, m.
6 Erant
autem illic quidam de scribis sedentes et cogitantes in cordibus suis: 7
“Quid hic sic loquitur? Blasphemat! Quis potest dimittere peccata nisi solus
Deus?”
__________________________________________________________________
2:6 Erant
autem illic…sedentes et cogitantes were sitting and reasoning;
“sedentes” is the plural present active participle of sedeo, sedere,
sedi, sessum, “sit.”
“cogitantes” is the plural present active participle of cogito,
cogitare, cogitavi, cogitatum.
“erant” is the third person plural imperfect indicative active of sum,
esse, fui, futurus. “illic” is a locative adverb meaning “in that
place, there.” quidam de scribis some
of the scribes; the partitive idea is expressed with “de” plus the
ablative, rather than the partitive genitive, after the indefinite pronoun
“quidam.” “scribis” is ablative plural of the first declension noun scriba,
scribae, m. in cordibus suis
in their hearts; “suis” is ablative plural of the
possessive/reflexive pronoun suus, sua, suum.
2:7 “Quid
hic sic loquitur?” why
does this man speak in this way?; “hic” is a substantive. The adverb “sic” = “thus, in this way.” “loquitur” is third person singular present
active indicative of loquor, loqui, locutus sum. “quid” is neuter accusative.
Blasphemat! Quis potest dimittere peccata… He blasphemes! [For] who
can forgive sins…” “blasphemat”
is third person singular present indicative active of blasphemo, blasphemare [no
perfect] [late, eccl.] (1), “to blaspheme.”
“quis” is nominative singular of the interrogative pronoun quis,
quid. “dimittere” is infinitive
of dimitto,
dimittere, dimisi, dimissum. “peccata”
is accusative plural of peccata, pecatti n. (2), “sin.”
…nisi
solus Deus? except
God alone? The conjunction “nisi” = “except,
unless.” The adjective “solus,”
modifying “Deus,” is masculine nominative singular of solus, sola, solum. “Deus” is nominative singular of Deus,
Dei m. (2), “God.”
Mark 2:12-20
12 Et
surrexit et protinus sublato grabato abiit coram omnibus, ita ut admirarentur
omnes et glorificarent Deum dicentes: “Numquam sic vidimus!”
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2:12
Et surrexit et protinus sublato…abiit He arose, and
immediately after he had taken up…he walked out;
“surrexit” is third person singular perfect active indicative of surgo,
surgere, surrexi, surrectum. “sublato” is the passive perfect
participle of tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatum. “abiit”
is third person singular perfect active indicative of abeo, abire,
abii, abitum. coram omnibus in the sight of all; “coram” is
an adverb meaning “publically, openly.” “omnibus” is ablative plural of
the third declension adjective omnis, omne, n.
ita ut admirarentur omnes et glorificarent
Deum dicentes so that all were amazed and continually
glorified God, saying; “ita ut” introduces the purpose clause
(which sometimes merges into a result clause, as here), which takes the
subjunctive. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/UtClauses.pdf.
“admirarentur” is third person plural imperfect subjunctive of (ad-)
miror, mirari, miratus sum, “wonder, be amazed.” “glorificarent”
is third person plural imperfect subjunctive of glorifico,
glorificar. “omnes,” the substantive subject, is third
personal plural accusative of omnis, omne, n. “dicentes”
is present active participle of dico, dicere, dixi, dictum. “Numquam
sic vidimus!” We never saw anything like this! “Numquam”
is an adverb meaning “at no time, never.” “vidimus” is first person
plural perfect active indicative of video, videre, vidi, visum.
13 Et
egressus est rursus ad mare; omnisque turba veniebat ad eum, et docebat
eos. 14 Et cum praeteriret, vidit Levin Alphaei
sedentem ad teloneum et ait illi: “Sequere me.” Et surgens secutus
est eum.
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2:13
Et egressus est rursus ad mare and He went out again
to the seaside; “egressus est” is third person singular
perfect active indicative of the deponent verb egredior, egredi, egressus
sum. Deponent verbs have passive forms but active meanings. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Deponent.pdf.
“rursus” is an adverb with several senses, here meaning “again.” omnisque
turba veniebat ad eum and the whole crowd came to him; “que,”
meaning “and,” is frequently post-positive. “turba” is nominative
singular of the first declension noun turba, turbae, f. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Declension123.pdf.
“veniebat” is third person singular imperfect indicative active of venio,
venire, veni, ventum. “eum” is accusative singular of the
personal pronoun is, ea, id. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/PersonalPronouns.pdf “docebat”
is third personal singular imperfect active indicative of doce,
docere, docui, doctum. The imperfect tense denotes progressive,
continued, or repeated action in past time.
14 Et
cum praeteriret, vidit Levin Alphaei sedentem ad teloneum et ait illi:
“Sequere me.” Et surgens secutus est eum.
2:14
Et cum praeteriret And when he was passing by;
the preposition “cum” has temporal force here.http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/bennett.html#sect288
“praeteriret” is third
person singular perfect active indicative of praetereo, praeterire,
praeterivi, praeteritum, “to pass by.” vidit Levin
Alphaei He saw Levi the son of Alphaeus; i.e., Matthew; cf.
Mat. 9:9. sedentem at teloneum sitting at the tax
collection office; “sedentem” is the accusative masculine singular
participle of sedeo, sedere, sedi, sessum. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Participles.pdf
“teloneum” is the
accusative of the second declension noun teloneum telonei, m.
et ait illi: “Sequere me.” “Sequere” is the imperative of sequor,
sequi, secutus sum. Et surgens secutus est eum And rising
up, he followed Him. “surgens” is present active participle
of surgo, surgere, surrexi, surrectum. “secutus est”
is third person singular present active indicative of the deponent verb sequor,
sequi, secutus sum. Deponent verbs have passive forms but active
meanings. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/bennett.html#sect112 “eum”
is accusative singular of the personal pronoun is, ea, id.
15 Et
factum est cum accumberet in domo illius, et multi publicani et peccatores
simul discumbebant cum Iesu et discipulis eius, erant enim multi et sequebantur
eum.
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2:15
Et factum est And it came to pass;
the Latin translation of the Greek Καὶ
γίνεται is sometimes omitted in modern versions. “factum est” is the
third person singular passive indicative of facio, facere, feci,
factum. Cum accumberet as he reclined at a meal in
his house; “accumberet” is the third person singular imperfect subjunctive
of accumbo, accumbare, accumbui, accubitum. Note the
use of cum + subjunctive to achieve temporal
force. in domo illius in his house; the referent
of “illius” is unclear. Luke 5:29 states that it was the house of Matthew
(“et fecit ei convivium magnum Levi in domo sua”). et multi publicani
et peccatores and many publicans and sinners; “publicani” is
nominative plural of the second declension noun publicanus,
publicana, publicanum. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Declension2.pdf “peccatores”
is nominative plural of the third declension noun peccator,
peccatoris, m. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Declension3.pdf
simul discumbebant cum
Iesu et discipulis eius were sitting with
Jesus and his disciples; “discumbebant” is the third-person
plural imperfect active indicative of discumbo, discumbere, discubui,
discubitum, “to recline at table (to eat).” “cum
Iesu”: With meaning together with, denoting accompaniment, is
expressed by cum with the ablative. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/ablative3.pdf
erant enim multi et
sequebantur eum for many had also followed Him.
The conjunction “enim,” typically post-positive, means “for, “indeed,” truly,”
and is frequently omitted in translation. “et” here means “also.”
“sequebantur” is third person plural imperfect indicative active of sequir,
sequi, secutus sum.
16 Et
scribae pharisaeorum, videntes quia manducaret cum peccatoribus et publicanis,
dicebant discipulis eius: “Quare cum publicanis et peccatoribus
manducat?” 17 Et
Iesus hoc audito ait illis: “Non necesse habent sani medicum, set qui
male habent; non veni vocare iustos, sed peccatores.”
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2:16
Et scribae pharisaeorum “And the scribes of the pharisees”;
the genitive is probably partitive.http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/CaseUse.pdf Douay’s
“And the scribes and the Pharisees” is based on a different manuscript
tradition. videntes quia manducaret cum peccatoribus et
publicanis seeing that he ate with publicans and sinners;
“videntes” is a circumstantial participle. Note that “cum” again takes
the ablative. Dicebant discipulis eius were saying to his
disciples; “dicebant” is third person plural imperfect active indicative
of dico, dicere, dixi, dictum. The
imperfect denotes progressive and repeated action. The imperfect used of
speech is durative. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/imperfect.pdf
“discipulus eius”: the form is the dative of indirect object. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/bennett.html#sect186.
“Quare cum publicanis et peccatoribus manducat?” “Quare”
is an interrogative adverb. “manducat” is third person singular present
active indicative of manduco, manducare, “to
eat.”
2:17
Et Iesus hoc audito ait illis: And Jesus,
having overheard this, said to them:; “ait” is a
historical present. “audito” is the perfect passive participle of the fourth
conjugation verb audio, audire, audivi, auditum. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Conjugation4.pdf “Non
necesse habent sani medicum, sed qui male habent;…” those who are
well have no need for a doctor, but they that are sick; “necesse” is an
indeclinable adverb used only with esse and habere.
The adjective sanus, -a, -um here takes the
genitive. “medicum” is accusative singular of the second declension
noun medicus, medici, m. “habent” is present
active participle ofhabeo, habere, habui, habitum.
18 Et
erant discipuli Ioannis et pharisaei ieiunantes. Et veniunt et dicunt
illi: “Cur discipuli Ioannis et discipuli pharisaeorum ieiunant, tui
autem discipuli non ieiunant?”
_________________________________________________________________
2:18 erant…ieiunantes were
accustomed to fast; the construction of the imperfect of sum and
the present active participle of ieiuno combine to form the
imperfect tense. The imperfect shows action in the past that is
continuing and customary (cf. Douay’s “used to fast”). Et veniunt
et dicunt they came and said; the verbs, impersonal third
person plurals, are historical presents and introduce direct discourse. illi to
him; dative of indirect object. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/CaseUse.pdf Cur
discipuli Ioannis et discipuli pharisaeorum ieiunant Why do the
disciples of John and the Pharisees fast; Cur is an
interrogatory adverb. Adverbs do not decline in Latin. “ieiunant” is
third personal plural present indicative active of the first conjugation
verb ieiuno, ieiunare,ieiunavi, ieiunatum. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/Conjugation12.pdf “discipuli
Ioannis” and “discipuli pharisaeorum” are possessive genitives. tui
autem discipuli non ieiunant?but your disciples do not fast?;
“autem” is contrastive. “tui” is genitive singular of the irregularly
declining pronoun tu, tui. http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tu#Latin
19 Et
ait illis Iesus: “Numquid possunt convivae nuptiarum, quamdiu
sponsus cum illis est, ieiunare? Quanto tempore habent secum sponsum, non
possunt ieiunare; 20 venient
autem dies cum auferetur ab eis sponsus, et tunc ieiunabunt in illa die.
__________________________________________________________________
2:19
Et ait illis Iesus: And Jesus said to them;
dative of indirect object. Numquid possunt convivae
nuptiarum…ieiunare? the guests of the bridal chamber cannot fast,
can they; “numquid,” the negative interrogative particle, is used
when a negative answer is expected. “possunt” is third person plural present
indicative active of the irregular verb possum, posse, potui.http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/IrregularVerbs.pdf
“ieiunare” is a complementary infinitive, completing the sense of the verb “possunt.”
“convivae” refers to guests of the bridegroom (cf. Greek οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος [and
the reading filii in some Latin manuscripts]), “young
men of the wedding hall,” the bridegroom’s attendants. “convivae” is genitive
singular of the first declension noun conviva, convivae,m.
quamdiu sponsus cum illis est while the bridegroom is with them;
“quamdiu” is an adverb meaning “as long as, during.” “sponsus” is
nominative singular of the second declension noun sponsus,
sponsi, m. “illis” is dative plural of the
demonstrative pronoun ille, illa, illud. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/DemonstrativePronouns.pdf
Quanto tempore habent
secum sponsum, non possunt ieiunare As long as they
have the bridegroom with them, they cannot fast;
“quanto tempore”=” “for as long as”; ablative of time. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/ablative3.pdf
2:20
venient autem dies cum auferetur ab eis sponsus but
the day will come when the bridegroom shall be taken away from them;
“venient” is third person plural future indicative active of venio,
venire, veni, ventum. “cum” has temporal force here; translate
“when.” “auferetur” is third person singular future passive indicative of
the irregular verb (au)-fero, ferre, tuli, latum, “to take
away.” “ab eis”=“from them”; “eis” is dative plural of the demonstrative
pronoun ille, illa, illud. “Many verbs of taking away
and the like take the dative [of separation] (especially of a person) instead
of the ablative of separation.” Allen & Greenough’s New Latin Grammar
381. http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~silver/AG/ag-dat.html
et tunc ieiunabunt in
illa die and then they shall fast in that day; the adverb
“tunc” means “then; from that time on.” “ieiunabunt” is third person
plural future indicative active of the first conjugation verb ieiuno,
ieiunare,ieiunavi, ieiunatum. “illa” is feminine ablative
singular, in agreement with “die.” [Douay’s “in those days” renders an
earlier manuscript tradition.] “die” is ablative singular of the fifth
declension noun dies, diei, m./f.
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